Intro SN + Receptors

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other cells?

• Myelin sheath

• Dendrites

• Synaptic terminal

• Axon

Which type of glial cell acts as the immune defense in the central nervous system?

• Astrocyte

• Oligodendrocyte

• Microglia

• Schwann cell

Which feature primarily distinguishes neurons from glial cells?

• The presence of a nucleus

• The ability to maintain ion homeostasis

• The generation and propagation of action potentials

• The presence of cytoplasmic processes

Which of the following statements about myelination is true?

• Myelination decreases conduction velocity by insulating axons

• Schwann cells can myelinate multiple axons simultaneously

• Myelin sheaths are continuous without interruptions

• Schwann cells myelinate one segment of a single axon

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance?

• Thalamus

• Medulla oblongata

• Cerebellum

• Hippocampus

Which type of synapse is typically inhibitory in the CNS and often found on neuronal cell bodies or proximal dendrites?

• Axo-dendritic

• Axo-somatic

• Axo-axonic

• Dendro-dendritic

Which type of sensory receptor is encapsulated and specialized for detecting vibration and pressure in the skin?

• Free nerve ending

• Merkel cell

• Ruffini ending

• Pacinian corpuscle

During a neurological examination, a patient is asked to perform a strong isometric contraction of the quadriceps. The examiner suddenly applies resistance, and the muscle abruptly relaxes to prevent injury.
Which sensory receptor is primarily responsible for mediating this protective reflex, and what is its function?

• Pacinian corpuscle

• Golgi tendon organ

• Muscle spindle

• Ruffini ending

A patient suddenly stands up after lying down and experiences lightheadedness due to a transient drop in blood pressure. Within seconds, heart rate increases to restore normal pressure.
Which receptors initiate this compensatory reflex?

• Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid body

• Central chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus

• Pacinian corpuscles in the thoracic aorta

• Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch

A patient with severe gastric distension feels fullness and discomfort, but not sharp pain.
Which receptors mediate this sensation?

• Mechanoreceptors in the visceral smooth muscle layers

• Chemoreceptors in the stomach

• Nociceptors in the stomach wall

• Merkel cells