Endocrine System

Reorder the following

Steroid Hormones: are produced from cholesterol

- Lipid molecule: diffuses across membrane

• binds to initial receptor

• Initiates transcription of mRNA

• mRNA translated by ribosomes in cytoplasm to form proteins

• hormone receptor complex enters nucleus

• complex binds DNA regulatory sequence(s)

Synergistic Effect: hormones work together to produce a result

ex: epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate

• true

• false

Pituitary gland

• produces large numbers of hormones

• located under the brain

• known as the master gland

• known as the ruling gland

Match the following

• targets thyroid gland, stimulates thyroxine production

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone

• targets all cells

• growth hormone

• targets ovaries, stimulating egg production/ targets testes, stimulating sperm production

• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

The Thyroid Gland

• surrounds trachea

• regulates metabolism

• produces thyroxine (increases metabolic rate/ iodine needed in production)

• produces calcitonin (reduces blood calcium levels/ opposed by parathyroid hormone (4 parathyroid glands/ needed for nerve and muscle function))

The Adrenal Gland

• Located on top of kidneys

• hormones affecting stress

• consists of two separate regions:

  Outer: adrenal cortex

  Inner: adrenal medulla

Adrenal Medulla:

• hormones for fight or flight response (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

• Synergistic effects (stronger together than individually)

• increase heart rate and blood pressure/ widen airways/ stimulate glucose release

epinephrine is also called

• speed

• excitement

• adrenaline

• relaxation

Match the following

The Gonads

• produce sperm/ secrete testosterone

• Female: ovaries

• n/a

• Male: testes

• produce eggs/ secrete estrogen and progesterone

• n/a

Goiter

• enlargement of thyroid

• can be a sign of hypothyroidism

• thyroid unable to produce thyroxine due to lack of iodine

• large goiters are removed by surgery or treated with radioactive iodine