The Immune System

After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response? 

• The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
•  The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
• The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
• The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms? 

• antibodies
• lymph nodes
• white blood cells
• the skin

What is immunity?

• The body's ability to produce cells that inactivate foreign cells or substances.
• The body's ability to regulate homeostasis through feedback loops. 
• The body's ability to produce the "fight or flight" response.
• The body's ability to use the endocrine system to fight disease.

What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?

• cell-mediated immunity
• an allergy
• inflammatory response
• an autoimmune disease

White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body? 

• They produce antibodies.
• They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
• They form a barrier against pathogens.
• They engulf and destroy bacteria.

Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with? 

• antibodies to a disease bacterium
• live, inactive viruses
• weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
• blood from a person who has had the disease

An activity that occurs in the human body is shown below.This activity helps to do which of the following?

• provide protection against pathogens
• produce antibiotics to control disease
• eliminate harmful gene alterations
• regulate production of ATP by the cell

Any organism that causes disease like a virus or bacteria is called:

• Antibiotics

• Antibody

• Pathogen

• Phagocyte

Part of the body's defense against pathogens in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen is called:

• Protective Barrier

• Inflammatory Response

• Immune Response

• Stomach acid

A molecule that the immune system recognizes either as part of the body or as coming from outside the body:

• Antigen

• Antibodies

• Antibiotics

• Antipaths