Vocabulary: Learning and Conditioning

The process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called ________.

• Learning

• Forgetting

• Motivation

• Perception

Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning) is called ________.

• Associative learning

• Observational learning

• Latent learning

• Insight learning

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences is called ________.

• Operant behavior

• Respondent behavior

• Reflexive behavior

• Instinctive behavior

A type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result, to illustrate with Pavlov’s classic experiment, the first stimulus (a tone) comes to elicit behavior (drooling) in anticipation of the second stimulus (food) is called ________.

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Observational learning

• Latent learning

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth) is called ________.

• Unconditioned response (UR)

• Conditioned response (CR)

• Neutral stimulus (NS)

• Conditioned stimulus (CS)

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) is called ________.

• Conditioned response (CR)

• Unconditioned stimulus (US)

• Neutral stimulus (NS)

• Unconditioned response (UR)

In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response is called ________.

• Acquisition

• Extinction

• Generalization

• Discrimination

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced is called ________.

• Extinction

• Acquisition

• Generalization

• Spontaneous Recovery

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. (In operant conditioning, generalization occurs when responses learned in one situation occur in other, similar situations.) is called ________.

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Extinction

• Acquisition

A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher is called ________.

• Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning

• Observational learning

• Latent learning