2171 Exam 2 Review

Classifying a drug is difficult because:

• Drugs can have multiple physiological effects.

• Drugs can be sorted by the receptor they target but most consumers don’t understand receptor biology.

• Two chemically similar drugs can have different effects.

• All of these are true.

Why might it be important to alter a compound that perfectly binds to its target receptor?

• To increase its affinity.

• To bypass metabolic pathways.

• If it already binds perfectly, it does not need to be altered.

• None of these are true.

In class, we discussed fentanyl and carfentanil. The only difference between the two is carfentanil has an ester group; carfentanil is more lethal than fentanyl at lower doses. Why?

• The additional ester group adds a functional group that increases its affinity for opioid receptors.

• This is not significant, but it is a cool fact.

• The additional ester group adds a functional group that lowers its affinity for opioid receptors.

• The ester group makes no difference as both drugs are deadly; they have the same physiological effect.

True or False: Drugs that interact with the same family of receptors must have similar affinities.

• True

• False

In the Drug Discovery lab, do we use the target selection method or phenotypic screening method? Why?

• Target selection, because it proves that manipulating the molecular target can provide therapeutic benefit for patients.

• Phenotypic screening, because it proves that the compounds are able to provide a therapeutic benefit using an in vivo model.

• Target selection, because it can provide information of the complex biological interactions that occur, for example: when a lower dose of a drug performs better than a higher dose.

• Phenotypic screening, because it can capture the biological complexity of a compound and identify if a compound has the desired phenotype of a potential chemotherapy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

Which of the following statements best describes why the therapeutic index (TI) is an important factor when comparing potential chemotherapies?

• A high therapeutic index indicates that the drug is more likely to cause adverse side effects.

• A low therapeutic index means that the drug is more effective at lower doses.

• A high therapeutic index indicates a large margin between effective and toxic doses, making the drug safer for patient use.

• A low therapeutic index suggests the drug has a lower chance of interacting with the patient's immune system.

Which of the following is the equation for determining therapeutic index?

• TI= TD50-ED50

• TI= ED50-TD50

• TI= TD50/ED50

• TI= ED50/TD50

Calculate the therapeutic index.

• 1.79

• 0.56

• 2.67

• 1.24

One of your groupmates tells you your compound is a hit because the mean percent survival after being given to fly larvae was within 2 standard deviations from the mean percent survival of your positive control. Is your compound a hit or not, and why?

• Your compound is a hit because the comparison was correctly performed.

• Your compound is not a hit because the comparison should be done outside 2 std. devs, not within.

• Your compound is not a hit because the comparison should be done with the negative control, not the positive control.

• Your compound is not a hit because the comparison should be done with the negative control, not the positive control. It should also be outside 2 std. devs, not within.

About how many drugs are relatively considered during Drug Discovery, Preclinical, and the Clinical trials stages of drug development?

• A: 10

  B: 200

  C: 2,000

• A: 5

  B: 250

  C: 10,000

• A: 10,000

  B: 10

  C: 1

• A: 10,000

  B: 250

  C: 5

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-PS1-2