Lymph

Lesson Review/Preview: Answer the question without looking at your notes, then compare your response to the correct answers. Enumerate the major points at which the pulse can be monitored or felt.

• Radial artery at the wrist

• Carotid artery in the neck

• Femoral artery in the groin

• Popliteal artery behind the knee

• Inferior vena cava in the abdomen

Lesson Review/Preview: Answer the question without looking at your notes, then compare your response to the correct answers. How do nervous mechanisms regulate the control of blood flow?

• By autonomic control (baroreceptor reflex) that adjusts vessel diameter and cardiac output via sympathetic vasoconstriction and reduced sympathetic/parasympathetic effects for vasodilation

• By increasing erythrocyte production in bone marrow to thicken the blood and slow flow

• By accelerating glucose-to-ATP conversion in skeletal muscle to draw more blood passively

• By releasing digestive enzymes into the bloodstream to reduce vascular resistance

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by:

• adding lymph to GI tract secretions.

• returning interstitial fluid to the plasma.

• transporting lymph from tissues to the liver.

• carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be excreted.

• actively absorbing fluid from the blood.

Germinal centers are the sites of:

• increased blood flow to the lymph nodes.

• fluid production.

• increased flow of lymph from infected tissues.

• entrance of lymph into lymph nodes.

• proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.

Which of the following is the molecule that displays an antigen on the surface of cells?

• Antigen

• Antibody

• Antigen receptor

• Major histocompatibility complex molecule

What is the nonspecific lymphocyte that kills tumor cells and virus infected cells?

• Macrophages

• Natural killer cells

• Eosinophils

• Basophils

Which of the following occur during the inflammation? (Select all that apply)

• Chemical mediators cause vasodilation

• Blood flow is decreased to the area

• Vascular permeability is decreased

• Fibrin walls off the infected area

• Complement attracts phagocytes to the area

Which is the proper order of events in cell-mediated immunity? (1) Cloning of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells (2) Antigen presented to T lymphocyte (3) Activation of T lymphocytes (4) Cytotoxic T cells attack target cells

• 2, 3, 4, 1

• 1, 4, 2, 3

• 2, 3, 1, 4

• 3, 2, 4, 1

• 1, 2, 3, 4

Which of the following is correctly matched?

• IgA - found in saliva and tears

• IgD - can cross the placenta

• IgG - first to challenge the antigen

• IgM - antigen-binding receptor on B cells

• IgE - transfusion reactions

Active natural immunity occurs when:

• antibodies pass from a pregnant mother to her fetus.

• antibodies are injected into a host.

• an individual develops a disease.

• a person is vaccinated.

• antibodies are passed in breast milk