POB Exam4

Microbiology is the study of microbes. These include all but which of the following?

• 
  Archaea

• 
  Bacteria

• viruses
  

• 
  plants

What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe?

• small enough that a microscope is required to see them
  

• 
  heterotrophic

• sexual reproduction
  

• use aerobic respiration for metabolism
  

Miller's laboratory experiments showed that

• it is possible to form protocells.
  

• the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules.
  

• atmospheric pressure is required for life to begin.
  

• the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old.
  

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the
primitive reducing atmosphere?

• water vapor (H2O)
  

• methane (CH4)
  

• hydrogen (H2)
  

• oxygen (O2)

  
  

Considering the various theories, the energy used in forming organic molecules in the
primitive atmosphere could have come from all EXCEPT

• 
  lightning

• ultraviolet radiation.
  

• heat from volcanoes.
  

• sound.
  

What is the evolutionary relationship among archaea, bacteria, and eukarya?

• Since archaea are the most primitive, archaean ancestors gave rise to
  bacteria that in turn gave rise to eukaryotes.

• All three domains are equally distant from the most primitive common
  ancestor, a protocell.

• Archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from
  archaea

• Bacterial ancestors gave rise to both archaea and to eukaryotes as two
  separate side branches

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into

• Bacteria and Cyanobacteria.
  

• photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.
  

• Archaea and Bacteria.
  

• autotrophs and heterotrophs.
  

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of

• transformation.
  

• 
  transduction

• 
  conjugation

• replication.

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released
from dead bacteria in a process called

• transformation.
  

• 
  transduction

• 
  conjugation

• 
  replication

Which of these is a correct description of a form of horizontal gene transfer in
bacteria?

• Crossing-over occurs between paired chromosomes in meiosis

• Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a
  sex pilus

• 
  Transformation occurs when a bacteriophage carries a bit of DNA from a
  previous host cell to a new host cell.

• 
  Transduction occurs when a live bacterium picks up DNA from dead bacteria
  that have shed it into the environment of the living cell.