Extra Credit EOC Review #3

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

• The nucleus absorbs sunlight.

• The nucleus releases usable energy.

• The nucleus stores genetic material.

• The nucleus produces nutrients for the cell.

Beginning with one parent cell, how many daughter cells are typically produced from one mitotic division?

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 8

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An altered form of the structural protein collagen causes a condition in which bones are weak and break easily. Which of the following are components of collagen?

• amino acids

• fatty acids

• monosaccharides

• nucleotides

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Protein pumps actively transport ions across a cell’s plasma membrane. What molecule directly supplies the energy required for this transport?

• ATP

• cholesterol

• oxygen

• tRNA

An English doctor is given credit for developing the modern terrarium in the 1800s. The doctor kept some plants in a sealed glass jar containing soil and air. The plants survived in the sealed jar for four years. What two processes allowed the plants to cycle nutrients and survive in the sealed jar?

• meiosis and fertilization

• mutualism and commensalism

• photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

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Which of the following statements describes each new molecule of DNA produced when DNA replicates?

• Each new molecule is half the length of the original molecule.

• Each new molecule has only the coding portions of the original molecule in its sequence.

• Each new molecule contains one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand.

• Each new molecule retains the A, C, and G bases in the DNA sequence but replaces the T base with U.

Mutations occur in part of a DNA sequence. The DNA sequence before and after the mutations is shown below.

_

Before mutations: ATGGCGGAAGCA

After mutations: ATGGCGGAAGGA

_

A strand of mRNA is made from the mutated DNA sequence. The table shows the amino acids encoded by some mRNA base sequences (codons). Based on this information, what is the expected effect of the mutations?

• No polypeptide will be made.

• The same polypeptide will be made.

• A polypeptide with fewer amino acids will be made.

• A polypeptide with different amino acids will be made.

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An application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists would be ___.

• using PCR to analyze DNA at a crime scene

• creating a tobacco plant that glows in the dark

• cloning the gene for human growth hormone to treat pituitary dwarfism

• making transgenic bacteria that can be used to clean up oil spills more quickly than the natural bacteria

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Human HLA genes have as many as 100 different alleles per gene. The alleles code for proteins that are involved in accepting or rejecting an organ following an organ transplant. Which of the following statements explains how this multiple-alleles inheritance pattern makes it difficult to match an organ donor with an organ recipient?

• Each organ in a person’s body expresses a different allele.

• The donor must have dominant alleles for the organ to be accepted.

• The alleles cannot mutate in the recipient’s body after the transplant.

• Most people do not have the same combination of alleles for genes.

Six puppies from a single litter have the following genotypes for a certain trait: AA, Aa, AA, aa, aa, Aa. Which of the following describes how these alleles were passed on from parent to offspring?

• Each parent dog randomly passed on a dominant allele (A) or a recessive allele (a) to each offspring.

• The male dog passed on a dominant allele (A) to each female offspring and a recessive allele (a) to each male offspring.

• The female dog chose to pass on either homozygous dominant alleles (AA) or homozygous recessive alleles (aa) to each offspring.

• One parent dog passed on a dominant allele (A) to each offspring, and the other parent dog passed on a recessive allele (a) to each offspring.

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