Final Exam Review BSC1005

The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are the

• protons and electrons

• neutrons and protons

• electrons only

• protons only

• electrons and neutrons

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

• atom

• molecule

• element

• compound

• electron

Atoms that gain or lose electrons are known as

• ions

• elements

• molecules

Cell size is limited because _____________ is critical to a cell's function

• surface area to volume ratio

• the number of microvilli

• the size of the nucleus

• cilia movement

• ability to photosynthesize

The oxygen on which organisms depend for cellular respiration is supplied to the atmosphere by

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• the sun

• consumers

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Which instrument magnifies light and was critical for advancement of the field of cell biology

• microscope

• centrifuge

• microtome

• spectrometer

A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein necessary for the M-phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?

• The cell would never leave metaphase

• The cell would prematurely enter anaphase

• The cell would never enter metaphase

• The cell would never enter prophase

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Nondisjunction may occur during __________ and result in an abnormal number of ____________ in the gamete

• meiosis, chromosomes

• mitosis, chromosomes

• meiosis, cells

• mitosis, nuclei

In terms of natural selection, fitness refers to

• Is a measure if the ability to survive and reproduce

• the variation in traits within the population

• mutations that either increase or decrease the reproductive success

• the physical health of a population

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If a finch population with heritable, variable beak size and shape arrived on an island on which only large seeds were available as a source of food, describe the natural selection process that would follow.

• Finches with larger beaks will more easily eat the large seeds and thus more likely survive and produce offspring with similarly large beaks. The frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.

• Finches with smaller beaks would grow larger beaks so that they could eat the large seeds. All birds will reproduce and the frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.

• All of the finches with small and medium beaks will soon die; all of the finches with large beaks will survive. The frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.

• Finches with smaller beaks would grow larger beaks so that they could eat the large seeds. Only these birds that grew larger beaks will reproduce and the frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.

• Finches with larger beaks will more easily eat the large seeds and not need to reproduce.

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