Review Unit 3: Ecosystem Interactions and Energy Flow

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is dissolved in the seawater. Which process uses this dissolved carbon dioxide?

• photosynthesis by oceanic fish

• photosynthesis by phytoplankton

• aerobic respiration by marine mammals

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which phrase describes a scenario where carbon moves from the biosphere into the hydrosphere?

• the cellular respiration that occurs in underwater kelp forests

• the photosynthesis that occurs in the leaves of rainforest trees

• the breakdown of dead plant and animal tissues by bacteria on the forest floor

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

A type of algae has been found living in two different habitats. Habitat A has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide than Habitat B. Based on this finding, which statement describes the most likely outcome?

• Habitat A will have reduced amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

• The algae in Habitat B will have an increased rate of photosynthesis.

• The algae in Habitat A will have an increased rate of photosynthesis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

An incomplete carbon cycle is shown in the diagram. Two arrows do not show direction. How should the arrows be changed to complete the diagram?

• Arrow 2 and 3 should both point up.

• Arrow 2 should point down, and arrow 3 should point up.

• Arrow 2 should point up, and arrow 3 should point down.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The diagram shows solar radiation entering Earth's atmosphere. Fifty-two percent of that solar radiation is either absorbed in the atmosphere or reflected back into space. How much solar radiation is absorbed by the ground?

• 12 percent

• 48 percent

• 100 percent

Oxygen cycling in Earth's hydrosphere is often found in which of these forms?

• nitrogen oxide, oxygen, ozone

• bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen, water

• carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, ozone

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The primary productivity of an ecosystem is defined by the rate at which the producers can change inorganic substances into organic substances. The graph shows the primary productivity of four different biomes in grams per square meter per year (g/m2 /y).

Which statement about the nitrogen cycle agrees with the data shown in the graph?

• More nitrogen is taken in in a tropical rainforest than in the savanna.

• More nitrogen is given off in the tundra than in a tropical rainforest.

• CMore nitrogen is taken in in the savanna than in a temperate deciduous forest.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

The model shows the direction of movement of energy and matter through a food chain. Refer to the diagram labeled 'A Food Chain' showing solar energy, producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, detritivores, and energy values at each trophic level. Which statement describes how energy and carbon move through a food chain?

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.1 × energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 0.15 × energy at next trophic level

• energy at lower trophic level = 10 × energy at next trophic level

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Match the process to each description in

A. dead organisms

B. photosynthesis

C. Animal Respiration

• removes carbon from the atmophere

• Animal Respiration

• adds carbon to the soil

• Photosynthesis

• adds carbon to the atmopshere

• Dead organisms

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

The area where the Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico contains little to no oxygen. This is caused by an excess of nutrients, including nitrogen, from various sources, such as agricultural runoff. Which activity could a farmer in this region do to help lower the amount of nitrogen added into the Mississippi River? Write each letter in the box beneath the correct heading.

adding commercial fertilizer to the soil, adding manure to the soil - (a)  

planting corn in a nitrogen-rich field - (b)  

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• increase nitrogen amounts
• decreases nitrogen amounts