Science · State · 2025 - Biology

Identify the structure below.

• adenine

• guanine

• cytosine

• thymine

• uracil

Some bacteria run the citric acid cycle in reverse, which is called the reductive TCA. Which of the following occurs during the reductive TCA?

• Carbon dioxide is released.

• FADH2 and NADH remain reduced.

• Organic compounds are synthesized.

• The reactions are catabolic.

• Organic compounds are oxidized.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Water can move across plasma membranes through specialized channel proteins called

• osmosis.

• active transport.

• peripheral proteins.

• aquaporins.

• carrier proteins.

Which genome editing tool has the following characteristics? - Uses a restriction endonuclease, such as FokI, covalently linked to an engineered DNA recognition sequence. - Requires two DNA recognition sequences, each linked to FokI catalytic domain. - Each DNA recognition sequence is made of repeating units of 33-35 amino acids with repeat dresidues at positions 12 and 13. - Originally derived from a plant pathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas. - Introduces double-stranded breaks and used to edit DNA only.

• ZFN

• CRISPR/Cas9

• Meganucleases

• TALEN

• Restriction enzymes

The physical points of contact during crossing over in meiosis generate an X-shaped structure that is visible under the microscope. This structure is called ________

• sister chromatid.

• chiasmata.

• recombinant chromatid.

• non-homologous chromosome.

• plasmodesmata.

The ribosome and spliceosome are examples of

• enzymes involved in catabolic reactions.

• ribozymes.

• DNA-binding structural proteins.

• proteins complexed with DNA.

• RNA-dependent DNA polymerases.

Organisms that are well-suited to hot, dry climates might have any of the following adaptations except

• the organism might use a burrow or undergo estivation.

• the organism might be nocturnal.

• the organism might have large leaves to increase surface area.

• the organism might undergo specialized photosynthesis

• the ability to store water in their tissues.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of the following would be found in both plant cells and bacteria?

• DNA

• ribosomes

• cytosol

• plasma membrane

• All of the above are found in all cells.

Ticks, fleas, and lice are best characterized as

• ectoparasites.

• commensals.

• endoparasites.

• mutualists.

• reservoirs.

Which of the following is not true?

• Some plasmids undergo rolling circle replication, which is bidirectional.

• DNA-dependent DNA polymerases include DNA Polymerase III.

• DNA ligase catalyzes phosphodiester bonds.

• HIV requires an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase before its genome can be inserted into the human genome as a provirus.

• DNA replication occurs within the S-phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2