Logical Reasoning: Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens

Which logical form is used in the argument: "If p then q; p; therefore q"?

• Modus Ponens

• Modus Tollens

• Affirming the Consequent

• Denying the Antecedent

Given the statement: "If p then q; not-q; therefore not-p," which logical rule is being applied?

• Modus Ponens

• Modus Tollens

• Hypothetical Syllogism

• Disjunctive Syllogism

If "p = celebrity endorsements don't signal a better product or a more trustworthy company" and "q = consumers won't respond to celebrity endorsements," which conclusion follows using Modus Tollens?

• If p then q; p; therefore q.

• If p then q; not-q; therefore not-p.

• If p then q; q; therefore p.

• If p then q; not-p; therefore not-q.

Analyze the following: "p = this man was telling the truth (in his story), q = he would not have told us that story. If p then q; not-q; therefore not-p." What reasoning is used to reach the conclusion?

• The argument uses Modus Ponens to affirm the antecedent.

• The argument uses Modus Tollens to deny the antecedent.

• The argument uses Modus Tollens to deny the consequent and infer not-p.

• The argument uses Disjunctive Syllogism to eliminate alternatives.

Suppose "p = Two hands exist" and "q = the external world exists." If we know "If p then q" and "p," what can we conclude using Modus Ponens?

• The external world does not exist.

• Two hands do not exist.

• The external world exists.

• If q then p.

Which logical rule is applied when you have "If p then q" and "If q then r", and you conclude "If p then r"?

• Modus Ponens

• Modus Tollens

• Disjunctive Syllogism

• Hypothetical Syllogism

What is the conclusion when you have "If p then q" and "p"?

• Therefore q

• Therefore p

• Therefore r

• Therefore Not-p

Given "If r then s" and "r", which logical rule allows you to conclude "s"?

• Modus Tollens

• Modus Ponens

• Hypothetical Syllogism

• Disjunctive Syllogism

If you have "p or q" and "Not-p", which conclusion can you draw using Disjunctive Syllogism?

• Therefore p

• Therefore r

• Therefore q

• Therefore Not-q

Suppose you are given: "If q then r" and "q". Using Modus Ponens, what is the correct conclusion? Explain the reasoning process.

• Therefore r, because Modus Ponens allows you to infer the consequent when the antecedent is true.

• Therefore q, because Modus Ponens always repeats the antecedent.

• Therefore Not-r, because Modus Ponens negates the consequent.

• Therefore Not-q, because Modus Ponens negates the antecedent.