Convection Currents Model

A student uses a beaker of water heated from below to model convection currents. How does this setup differ from convection in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans?

• Warm fluids in Earth’s systems sink instead of rise

• The Sun heats from above, not from below

• Convection cells flow the same direction everywhere

• Cold fluids in Earth’s systems are less dense than warm

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The map shows average oceanic surface temperatures in summer and labels four areas. Hurricanes form over very warm water. Which labeled area most likely produced the most violent storm systems?

• Area 1 near cooler southern waters

• Area 2 within warm tropical waters

• Area 3 crossing mixed temperature zones

• Area 4 within cooler northern waters

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Three students labeled Earth’s internal layers on a cutaway diagram with markers A (innermost) through D (outermost). Only one student’s set is correct. Who is correct?

• None of them labeled the layers correctly

• Carlos: A Crust, B Mantle, C Outer Core, D Inner Core

• Brooke: A Outer Core, B Inner Core, C Mantle, D Crust

• Alex: A Inner Core, B Outer Core, C Mantle, D Crust

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

How do ocean currents and air masses produce tropical storms such as hurricanes?

• A high-pressure area forms near the equator, warming air and increasing evaporation to create storms

• Air warms near the equator, warming currents and creating high pressure that causes storms

• A low-pressure area forms near the equator, cooling air and currents and generating storms

• Ocean currents warm near the equator, warming air and creating low pressure that sparks storms

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

What is the difference between how ocean currents and air masses interact to form typhoons compared to hurricanes?

• Hurricanes form when warm currents in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific warm air; typhoons form when warm currents in the Northwest Pacific warm air

• Hurricanes form when fast air masses cool currents in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific; typhoons form when fast air masses cool currents in the Northwest Pacific

• Hurricanes form when fast air masses warm currents in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific; typhoons form when fast air masses warm currents in the Northwest Pacific

• Hurricanes form when cool currents in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific cool air; typhoons form when cool currents in the Northwest Pacific cool air

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

The diagram shows an oceanic plate moving over a mantle hotspot that creates a chain of volcanic islands. Which statement best explains how such an island chain forms?

• The islands form from the movement of the oceanic plate under a land plate

• The islands form as the oceanic plate moves too quickly away

• The islands form as a hotspot in the mantle moves under the oceanic plate

• The islands form slowly as the oceanic plate moves over a hotspot

Two weather maps show a cold front moving east past location X from Day 1 to Day 2. What weather is most likely at X on each day?

• Day 1 cold and rainy; Day 2 clear and sunny

• Day 1 warm and rainy; Day 2 cool with more rain

• Day 1 warm and windy; Day 2 cloudy and cold

• Day 1 clear and cool; Day 2 warm and rainy

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Look at the table of crustal features and boundary types. Which feature is most commonly formed at a divergent boundary?

• Folded mountain ranges along colliding plates

• Volcanic island arcs above subducting plates

• Mid-ocean ridges where plates pull apart

• Major strike-slip faults between sliding plates

The image shows two plates moving apart with magma rising and cooling between them. Name the crustal feature that will form.

(a)  

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

In the pictured divergent boundary, which statement best explains why the identified feature forms there?

• Separating plates leave a crack that becomes a fault line

• Magma rises, cools, and hardens to create new seafloor

• Rising magma builds tall mountains as plates collide

• A volcano erupts above a hot spot to form an island