AP® 4.1-4.2 Textbook MCQ

Claire has had several car accidents that she blames on other drivers, believing that they are just bad at driving. Which of the following psychological concepts applies to this scenario?

• a. Social comparison

• b. Implicit prejudice

• c. Fundamental attribution error

• d. Ingroup bias

Use the following text to answer questions 2–4: Sandro attends State University, and he loves being a student there. He believes that everyone at nearby Tech College is rude and a bully. When the air conditioning stopped working on his campus, he blamed the students of Tech College, believing that they sabotaged State University’s air-conditioning system. Which of these cognitive shortcuts best explains Sandro’s biased beliefs about the students of Tech College?

• Availability heuristic

• Hindsight bias

• Other-race effect

• Outgroup homogeneity

Which of the following best explains Sandro’s willingness to blame the students of Tech College for the air-conditioning malfunction?

• Scapegoat theory

• Social comparison

• Just-world phenomenon

• Social identity

Which of the following best describes Sandro’s perception of himself as a student of State University?

• Stereotype

• Social identity

• Social comparison

• Other-race effect

Dr. Chavez is conducting a study on attitudes toward women athletes. In the study, he monitors the facial responses of sportscasters who are discussing women in sports. What variable is Dr. Chavez interested in investigating?

• a. Attribution theory

• b. Implicit prejudice

• c. Just-world phenomenon

• d. Ingroup bias

On a game show, Zeke is asked to describe the just-world phenomenon. How should he answer?

• It is the reduction in prejudice that has resulted from improvements in our laws and judicial system.

• It is the belief that most people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

• It is the tendency of people to deny that prejudice is still a problem.

• It is a reflection of our desire to categorize daily events as “unfair.”

Lawrence dislikes Freddy and avoids him because he believes Freddy is a liar. This scenario portrays

• a. central route persuasion.

• b. a role.

• c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

• d. an attitude.

Eddie considers himself to be an honest person, so he feels tension when he is dishonest with his friend. Eddie is experiencing

• a. cognitive dissonance.

• b. persuasion.

• c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

• d. role-playing.

What psychological concept is depicted in the graph?

• Peripheral route persuasion

• Cognitive dissonance

• Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

• Central route persuasion

Dr. Demouy conducted a study in which she divided participants into two groups. With the first group, she pretended she needed to borrow a quarter from each participant; later, she asked to borrow $5 to buy a snack. With the second group, she immediately asked to borrow $5 to buy a snack. She found that when participants first lent her a quarter, they were more likely to give her $5 than if she’d immediately asked for $5. What variable is represented in this description?

• Peripheral route persuasion

• Central route persuasion

• Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

• Cognitive dissonance