Maritime Empires Established [AP World History Review] Unit 4 Topic 4

What type of empire did the Portuguese primarily establish along the African coast?

• Colonial settlement empire

• Trading post empire

• Agricultural production empire

• Military conquest empire

How did some African states respond to the arrival of European powers?

• They completely rejected all European contact and influence.

• They formed a unified military alliance against European intrusion.

• They engaged in trade, acquiring gunpowder weapons and sometimes adopting European cultural elements like Christianity.

• They immediately became direct colonies of European nations.

How did Japan primarily react to the growing European and Christian influence within its borders?

• They embraced European trade and actively promoted Christianity.

• They formed alliances with European powers to expand their own empire.

• They closed off trade with most Europeans and attempted to purge foreign religious influence.

• They adopted European military technology to conquer neighboring regions.

The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 was a significant agreement that addressed which of the following?

• The establishment of the British East India Company.

• The division of newly discovered lands in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

• The end of the Seven Years' War between Britain and France.

• The conversion of African leaders to Christianity.

Which of the following best describes the Spanish Hacienda system of labor?

• A system where native populations were granted land in exchange for military service.

• A system where landholdings were granted to conquistadors and nobles, who then employed lower-class Spaniards often through debt bondage.

• A system of temporary labor contracts for European immigrants.

• A system where indigenous communities voluntarily provided labor for public works.

The Spanish Encomienda system primarily involved:

• Granting land to Spanish settlers in exchange for converting natives to Christianity.

• A system where Spanish nobles were responsible for a certain number of natives, offering protection and religious education in return for labor tribute.

• The forced relocation of native populations to work in silver mines.

• A form of temporary servitude where natives worked for a set period before gaining freedom.

How did the Spanish adapt the existing Incan Mit'a system for their own purposes in the Americas?

• They used it to compel native populations to work on public infrastructure projects for fair wages.

• They transformed it into a system for forced labor in dangerous silver mines with minimal compensation.

• They utilized it to establish large agricultural plantations managed by native leaders.

• They abolished it entirely, deeming it inefficient for their colonial goals.

What was a key reason Europeans increasingly relied on chattel slavery for labor in the Americas, as opposed to native or indentured servitude?

• African slaves were immune to European diseases, unlike native populations.

• Chattel slavery provided a permanent, inheritable labor force that could not easily escape or gain freedom.

• Indentured servants were too expensive to transport across the Atlantic.

• Native populations were more skilled in agriculture than African populations.