AP Psych: 3.7-3.9 Review

What term describes the realization that certain events occur together, often used by both humans and animals to learn?

• Associative learning

• Habituation

• Sensory adaptation

• Cognitive learning

What is operant conditioning?

• Learning through linking two or more stimuli.

• Learning through reinforcement and punishment.

• Learning through observing events and language.

• Learning through automatic responses to stimuli.

What is cognitive learning?

• Learning through reinforcement and punishment.

• Learning through linking two or more stimuli.

• Acquisition of mental information by observing events, others, or language.

• Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus.

What is the role of the bell in Stage 4 of classical conditioning?

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Neutral Stimulus

• Reflexive Stimulus

Which stage in classical conditioning involves pairing the bell with the food to create an association?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

• Pavlov’s dogs drooling to all bell-like sounds, such as telephones and doorbells.

• Pigeons responding to a red light but not a green light.

• A child learning to distinguish between a cat and a dog.

• A person associating a specific smell with a particular memory.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

• Pigeons trained to respond to a red light but not a green light.

• Pavlov’s dogs drooling to all bell-like sounds, such as telephones and doorbells.

• A person associating a specific smell with a particular memory.

• A child responding to all animals as if they were dogs.

Who conducted the experiment involving 'Little Albert' to study if specific fears could be conditioned?

• Ivan Pavlov

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Sigmund Freud

Which of the following best describes the law of effect as studied by B.F. Skinner?

• Behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments

• Behavior is determined by genetic factors

• Behavior is shaped by environmental changes

• Behavior is random and unpredictable

What is the key difference between escape learning and avoidance learning?

• Escape learning removes an unpleasant stimulus, while avoidance learning prevents it

• Escape learning prevents an unpleasant stimulus, while avoidance learning removes it

• Escape learning involves positive reinforcement, while avoidance learning involves punishment

• Escape learning is involuntary, while avoidance learning is voluntary