Review2-TEACHER

Which term BEST fits the definition of an idea, or a conceptual model, that

is designed to explain existing facts and make predictions about new facts

that might be discovered?

• hypothesis

• theory

• fact

• bias

The MOST direct way to test a hypothesis about a cause-effect

relationship is through a(n):

• experimental

• correlational study

• descriptive study

• self‑report

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the one that the researcher:

• measures.

• systematically alters.

• discovers

• holds constant.

In Pfungst's experiments with Clever Hans, the independent variable was the:

• varying procedures by which the horse's sensory systems were blocked.

• people who believed that the horse could understand and answer questions correctly.

• percentage of questions that the horse answered correctly in a given test.

• answers to the particular questions Clever Hans was asked.

Samples of participants who are not representative of the larger population are known as ____ samples.

• convenience

• random

• biased

• reliable

A procedure that measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict is described as ____.

• unbiased

• valid

• biased

• reliable

Pair and Share: Describe an example of a study with:

Bias

Error

What is the best way to eliminate observer expectancy effects?

• Keep the experimenter blind to the hypothesis.

• Keep the experimenter coaching the subjects.

• Give the experimenter more time to collect data.

• Use a measurement technique that has high criterion validity.

The standard deviation is a measure of ____.

• central tendency

• bias

• variability

• correlation

Bill finds that he has a very large standard deviation and he concludes that

the scores in his data set are:

• very similar to one another.

• very different from one another.

• not valid and should be discarded.

• statistically significant.