Absolutism and the Era of Revolutions

Which philosopher argued that all humans possess "natural rights" to life, liberty, and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Baron de Montesquieu

What did Thomas Hobbes believe was necessary to keep humans from falling into chaos?

• A direct democracy

• A Separation of powers

• A strong, Absolute ruler

• Total freedom of speech

Which concept did Baron de Montesquieu introduce to prevent government tyranny?

• The Social Contract

• Popular Sovereignty

• Separation of Powers

• The invisible hand

Voltaire is best remembered for his advocacy of which of the following ?

• Absolute Monarchy

• Freedom of speech and religion

• The abolition of slavery

• Government - controlled economies

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of the "general will" suggests that:

• The king's word is law

• Government should be guided by the collective desires of the people

• Only the wealthy should vote

• Reason is unnecessary for good government

How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?

• It proved that kings were chosen by God

• It encouraged the use of empirical evidence and reason to understand society

• It argued that humans should rely on religious dogma

• It rejected the idea of natural laws

What is the fundamental difference between an Absolute Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy?

• Absolute monarchs share power; constitutional monarchs do not

• Absolute monarchs are restricted by law; constitutional monarchs are not

• Absolute monarchs hold total power; constitutional monarchs follow laws

• There is no difference

During the French Revolution, what was the primary goal of the "Committee of Public Safety"?

• To promote free trade

• To protect the Republic from internal and external enemies

• To restore the monarchy

• To organize the Industrial Revolution

What was the main reason the guillotine was used during the Reign of Terror?

• It was considered a "humane" and equal method of execution

• It was the cheapest way to conduct executions

• It was designed by Louis XIV

• It was only used for royalty

The Haitian Revolution is a unique "turning point" in history because:

• It was the first peaceful transition of power

• It was the only successful slave revolt resulting in an independent Black republic

• It was led by Simon Bolivar

• It did not involve any violence