8.II_Review_TEACHER

The consequence of a response affects the likelihood of that response occurring again in the type of learning known as:

• classical conditioning.

• imprinting.

• operant conditioning.

• observational learning.

The type of operant conditioning that will lead to a decrease in the likelihood that a response will be repeated can be identified as:

• fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

• negative reinforcement.

• punishment.

• positive reinforcement.

What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?

• Positive punishment produces the expected behavior and negative punishment results in the subject avoiding the behavior.

• Positive punishment decreases and negative punishment increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur.

• Positive punishment entails the arrival of an unpleasant stimulus and negative punishment entails the removal of a pleasant stimulus.

• Positive punishment increases and negative punishment decreases the likelihood that a behavior will recur.

What is the difference between negative punishment and negative reinforcement?

If the arrival of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood that the response will recur, the stimulus is a:

• positive reinforcer.

• discriminative stimulus.

• positive punisher.

• negative reinforcer.

What is the effect of partial reinforcement on the target behavior?

• Partial reinforcement is generally effective only if training began with it rather than continuous reinforcement.

• Partial reinforcement is more effective than continuous reinforcement for initial training.

• Compared to continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement causes the behavior to be produced more irregularly.

• Partial reinforcement produces greater resistance to extinction than continuous reinforcement.

A variable-ratio schedule would require:

• continuous reinforcement.

• an unpredictable number of responses before reinforcement.

• an unpredictable amount of time before a response would be reinforced.

• a fixed number of responses before reinforcement.

Suppose a rat is reinforced with food pellets for lever pressing, but only while a buzzer is sounding. The buzzer is a(n):

• reward contrast.

• discriminative stimulus.

• schedule of partial reinforcement.

• unconditioned stimulus.

Pair and Share: Provide an example of a discriminative stimulus and generalization.

If the removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood that the response will reoccur, the stimulus is a:

• negative reinforcer.

• discriminative stimulus.

• positive reinforcer.

• positive punisher.