Biology Benchmark #1 Review

Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starches. What substance would humans not have difficulty digesting with this enzyme?

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures?

• The activation energy increases.

• The shape of the enzyme changes.

• The enzyme-substrate complex forms.

• The bonds between substrates are broken.

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

• DNA

• lipids

• ATP

• ribosomes

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain?

• membrane-bound organelles

• linear chromosomes

• cytoplasm

• a nucleus

Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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This diagram shows a Paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

• fatty acids

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• acetic acids

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Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

• DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins

• DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

• DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

• DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids

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A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a a result of cellular respiration

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Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

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