EOU 10 Re-Teach: Global Conflicts

Which of the following best describes trench warfare as used during World War I?

• A naval strategy involving submarine blockades

• A style of fighting where soldiers dug long ditches for protection and combat

• An aerial bombing campaign targeting enemy cities

• A cavalry-based offensive strategy used on open plains

Which of the following was a major characteristic of World War I that distinguished it from earlier conflicts?

• The exclusive use of hand-to-hand combat

• The absence of civilian involvement

• High casualty rates resulting from modern military technology and total war

• The use of nuclear weapons by major powers

What was the primary cause of the February (March) Revolution of 1917 in Russia?

• Russia's victory in World War I and the resulting political instability

• Widespread discontent due to food shortages, military failures, and opposition to Tsar Nicholas II

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• The United States entering World War I

Which organization did the Bolsheviks establish after seizing power in the October (November) Revolution of 1917?

• The League of Nations

• The Russian Federation

• The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

• The Comintern Republic

Which of the following best describes Adolf Hitler's role prior to and during World War II?

• He served as the democratic president of Germany and promoted international peace treaties

• He was the fascist dictator of Germany who pursued aggressive expansion and orchestrated the Holocaust

• He led the Soviet Union's military forces against Nazi Germany

• He was the Prime Minister of Great Britain who negotiated peace with Germany

Which of the following correctly identifies a major event that led to the United States entering World War II?

• The German invasion of Poland

• The Normandy landings

• The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

• The dropping of atomic bombs on Japan

Analyze how the introduction of new military technologies during World War I, such as poison gas, tanks, and aircraft, changed the nature of warfare. Using evidence, explain how these technologies contributed to the high casualty rates and the stalemate on the Western Front.

• New technologies had little impact because both sides quickly developed effective countermeasures, keeping casualty rates low

• Technologies like poison gas and tanks broke through enemy lines immediately, ending the war quickly with minimal casualties

• New technologies increased the destructive power of warfare, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, leading to prolonged trench warfare and massive casualties

• Aircraft were the only significant new technology, and they were used exclusively for reconnaissance with no effect on ground combat

Evaluate the roles of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill during World War II. Using reasoning and evidence, explain how their leadership strategies were both similar and different in responding to the Axis powers, and assess how their cooperation influenced the outcome of the war.

• Roosevelt and Churchill had entirely opposing strategies; Roosevelt favored isolation while Churchill sought aggressive military expansion independently

• Both leaders prioritized diplomatic negotiations with Hitler over military action, which delayed the Allied response

• Roosevelt and Churchill formed a strong Allied partnership, combining military resources and strategy — Roosevelt mobilizing American industrial power and Churchill sustaining British resistance — which was critical to defeating the Axis powers

• Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed so fundamentally that their lack of cooperation nearly caused the Allies to lose the war

Using reasoning and evidence, analyze how the Russian Revolutions of 1917 affected the outcome of World War I. Consider the Bolsheviks' decision to withdraw Russia from the war and how this impacted both the Eastern and Western Fronts.

• Russia's withdrawal strengthened the Allied forces on the Western Front by freeing up French and British troops

• Russia's withdrawal allowed Germany to shift troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front, temporarily strengthening Germany's position, though the entry of the United States ultimately helped the Allies achieve victory

• The Russian Revolutions had no significant effect on World War I because Russia had already been defeated before 1917

• The Bolshevik takeover caused Germany to surrender immediately, fearing a communist revolution within its own borders

Evaluate the strategic significance of the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the context of World War II. Using evidence and reasoning, assess how this new military technology changed the nature of warfare and its long-term implications for the Cold War.

• The atomic bombs had no long-term impact because conventional weapons were already capable of causing similar destruction

• The atomic bombs only affected Japan and had no influence on the Cold War arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union

• The use of atomic bombs ended World War II but also introduced a new era of nuclear deterrence during the Cold War, as both the United States and Soviet Union developed nuclear arsenals, fundamentally changing global military strategy

• The atomic bombs were primarily a symbolic gesture and did not significantly accelerate Japan's surrender or influence Cold War military policy