Snail kites (a bird) look for aquatic snails to eat. If a population of snails undergoes a mutation causing a lighter shell coloration, that makes them easier for predators to spot against the dark water, what outcome is most likely to occur over time due to natural selection?

The number of lighter snails will decrease because snail kites are more likely to see and eat them.

The lighter snails will stay at the same level because birds do not have color vision.

The lighter snails will increase because they look unique.

The snails will immediately mutate back into dark shells.

A student designs an experiment testing the growth of bean plants over several weeks using four different brands of commercial fertilizers. Each plant receives the same amount of water and sunlight daily. What is the independent variable (IV) in this experiment?

The total growth height of the bean plants

The amount of water administered

Amino acid is to protein as:

Monosaccharide is to Carbohydrate

A single water molecule (H2O) is polar. This polarity is caused by which distribution of electrical charges?

A negative charge on the oxygen atom and a positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.

A positive charge on the oxygen atom and a positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.

A neutral charge across all three atoms.

Negative charges on the hydrogens only with no charge on oxygen.

Most enzymes found within human cells function at an optimal temperature near 37 degrees Celsius and a neutral pH. What occurs if these enzymes are exposed to extreme heat or acids?

They denature, changing shape and loses their function.

Their reaction rate increases exponentially.

They convert into carbohydrates.

They replicate themselves to fix the damage.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

Both mitosis and meiosis produce four identical diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis occurs exclusively in somatic body cells such as skin and muscle cells.

Crossing over occurs regularly during the prophase stage of mitosis.

A difference between viruses and bacteria is that viruses:

cannot reproduce or replicate without using a host cell

have a mitochondria to produce energy

are larger than bacterial cells

After several years of use, an antibiotic becomes less effective at killing a harmful bacteria. Which evolutionary change has occured?

Genetic variations allowed resistant bacteria to survive the treatment and reproduce, passing on resistance traits.

Individual bacteria learned how to fight off the medicine during their lifespan.

The antibiotic mutated the human cells to protect the bacteria.

The bacteria used meiosis to mix their genes and intentionally design a defense.

Primary succession would begin after which event?

A volcanic eruption cooling into bare rock

A wildfire burning a forest to ash

A flood washed away topsoil from a meadow

What is the limiting factor causing the graph to plateau?

The light absorbing capacity of chlorophyll molecules and enzyme saturation limits

A total lack of water molecules in the environment

The immediate destruction of glucose molecules

Freezing temperatures within the plant cells

Which statement describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) are the reactants for cellular respiration.

They take place inside the exact same cellular organelle.

Photosynthesis breaks down sugars while respiration makes them.

Cellular respiration captures sunlight.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the energy of the cell. How is energy released from this molecule to power cellular work?

The bond holding the third phosphate group is broken.

The ribose sugar ring is broken down.

Additional phosphate groups are added to the chain.

A cell structure is identified as having a double membrane, its own loop of DNA, and folded inner ridges called cristae. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Cellular aerobic respiration and making ATP

Organisms like Paramecia, Amoebas, and Euglenas are single-celled organisms often found in pond water. Which structural feature do all three of these microscopic organisms possess?

Cilia covering their entire outer membrane

Have chloroplasts for photosynthesis

The forelimbs of a human, a whale, and a bat have highly similar bone arrangements but different functions. These structures suggest that these organisms:

evolved independently from different lineages

do not possess functional skeletal frameworks

lived during identical ancient geological periods

Scientists looked at sedimentary rock layers and saw fossils throughout the layers. Fossils located in the deepest, lowest rock layer (C) are:

older than the fossils discovered in the layers above them

younger than the fossils found in the layers above them

identical in age to the fossils found on the surface layer

Why does sexual reproduction have higher genetic diversity among offspring compared to asexual reproduction?

It creates brand new combinations of genes through independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization.

It relies strictly on mitosis to replicate chromosomes perfectly.

It occurs at a drastically faster reproductive rate, forcing mutations.

It minimizes environmental impacts on the organism's genome.

What evolutionary concepts are best represented by model I and model II?

I = gradualism; II = punctuated equilibrium

I = acquired characteristics; II = speciation

I = speciation; II = acquired characteristics

I = punctuated equilibrium; II = gradualism

2026 Biology Final Exam Review

Authored by Ellen Heilemann

Science

9th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 7+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Made of nucleotides; examples include DNA and RNA which store genetic information.

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Composed of amino acids; responsible for structural support, defense, and cellular transport.

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Enzyme

Made of monosaccharides; provides quick energy for cells (e.g., glucose).

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Nonpolar macromolecule used for long-term energy storage and cell membrane structures.

Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Enzyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and complex organelles (e.g., bacteria).

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

Homeostasis

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The organelle responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together.

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

Homeostasis

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2026 Biology Final Exam Review

An organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Made of nucleotides; examples include DNA and RNA which store genetic information.

Composed of amino acids; responsible for structural support, defense, and cellular transport.

Made of monosaccharides; provides quick energy for cells (e.g., glucose).

Nonpolar macromolecule used for long-term energy storage and cell membrane structures.

A cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and complex organelles (e.g., bacteria).

The organelle responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together.

The control center of eukaryotic cells that stores genetic information (DNA).

The process by which living things maintain a constant, stable internal environment.

The powerhouse of the cell responsible for generating energy (ATP) via cellular respiration.

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