Unit 2 Electrons & Nuclear Review

A neutral carbon atom has 6 electrons. The electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p², which accounts for all 6 electrons. The other options either have too many or too few electrons for a neutral carbon atom.

Chlorine has 17 electrons. The correct electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵, indicating it has 5 electrons in the 3p subshell, which is characteristic of chlorine.

The electron configuration [Ar] 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^5 corresponds to the element with atomic number 35, which is Bromine (Br). The configuration indicates it has 5 electrons in the 4p subshell, characteristic of Bromine.

Noble gases have completely filled valence shells, which makes them stable and unreactive. This is in contrast to other elements, which often have partially filled shells and are more likely to react to achieve stability.

The given electron configuration can be simplified using the noble gas shorthand. The configuration ends with 4s2 3d10 4p4, which corresponds to the element with atomic number 34, making [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4 the correct shorthand.

A neutral sulfur atom has 16 electrons. The correct electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴, which accounts for all 16 electrons. The other options either exceed or do not meet the total number of electrons.

The orbital diagram shows 8 electrons, which corresponds to the element oxygen (O) in the periodic table. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, confirming it as the correct answer.

The element pictured is neon, which is a noble gas known for its bright, colorful glow in discharge tubes. Unlike fluorine, magnesium, and argon, neon is characterized by its distinct reddish-orange light when electrified.

Chlorine has 17 electrons. The noble-gas notation starts with [Ne] for 10 electrons, followed by 3s² for 2 electrons, and 3p⁵ for the remaining 5 electrons, making the correct configuration [Ne]3s² 3p⁵.

Gamma rays have the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, making them distinct from radio waves, x-rays, and visible light, which have lower frequencies and longer wavelengths.