MCDB 1171 - Exam 1 (F26)

Mean ± (2*STDEV) of your positive control

Mean * (2±STDEV) of your positive control

Mean * (2±STDEV) of your negative control

Mean ± (2*STDEV) of your negative control

Horizontal gene transfer only occurs in the presence of antibiotics.

Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire resistance genes from other bacteria, facilitating the quick dissemination of resistance traits.

Horizontal gene transfer is a slow process that requires multiple generations.

Horizontal gene transfer is unrelated to antibiotic resistance.

S. Typhi has a broad host range infecting birds and mammals, whereas S. Typhimurium is exclusively restricted to humans.

S. Typhi is a human-restricted pathogen causing systematic infection, whereas S. Typhimurium is a broad-host-range pathogen typically causing localized gastroenteritis in many mammals.

Both serovars are strictly host-restricted to non-human primates and cannot infect rodents.

S. Typhimurium is restricted solely to poultry, while S. Typhi infects a wide variety of livestock and humans.

Gram-positive does not have a peptidoglycan layer, but gram-negative has a peptidoglycan layer.

Gram-positive has a lipopolysaccharide outer layer membrane, but gram-negative only has a peptidoglycan outer layer.

Both types of bacteria have a peptidoglycan layer, but gram-negative bacteria have an additional membrane layer.

Gram-negative stains blue and gram-positive stains red.

Antibiotic use in livestock.

Antibiotic use in agriculture.

Antibiotic use in aquaculture.

Overprescription of antibiotics in a clinical setting (antibiotic use in humans).

Bacteriocidal antibiotics target viruses and bacteria while bacteriostatic antibiotics target only bacteria.

Bacteriostatic antibiotics only work against Gram-positive bacteria and bacteriocidal antibiotics only work against Gram-negative bacteria.

Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria directly, while bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth.

Bactericidal antibiotics work against antibiotic resistant bacterial strains while bacteriostatic only work against normal bacteria,

An antibiotic prevents infection on a body or living surface, while an antiseptic kills or inhibits growth on non-living objects/surfaces

An antibiotic prevents infection on a body or living surface, while an antiseptic kills or inhibits growth inside the body

An antibiotic kills or inhibits growth inside the body, while an antiseptic prevents infection on a body or living surface

None of the above

They cause infections that are always more severe than infections caused by non-resistant bacteria.

They allow bacteria to reproduce faster than viruses.

They prevent the immune system from recognizing bacterial infections.

They make bacterial infections more difficult to treat because some antibiotics may no longer be effective.

Nucleus of the bacteria.

Disrupting the cell wall.

Blocking protein synthesis.

Blocking DNA/RNA synthesis.

Conjugation

Transformation

Transposition

Transduction