To study the effect of cold temperature on the elasticity of two rubber-band brands, a researcher places ten Brand A bands in a freezer and keeps ten Brand B bands at room temperature. The amount of stretch before breaking is measured. Why is this experimental design not appropriate for determining the effect of temperature?

Temperature is confounded with the rubber-band brand

The means are not valid statistics for comparison

The study should include several additional temperatures

The study does not include enough rubber bands

A county has 15 high schools, and seniors’ post-graduation plans vary greatly among schools. A superintendent randomly selects 5 schools and surveys every senior in those schools. What is the main disadvantage of this cluster-sampling plan?

The selected schools may not represent all district seniors

The selected schools may produce a sample that is too large

The survey may include only seniors present that day

The selected schools may contain too few seniors overall

Researchers measure the concentration of a chemical in river water at the surface, middle depth, and bottom downstream from an abandoned dumpsite. They do not assign treatments or manipulate the water. What type of study was conducted, and what is the response variable?

An observational study; the response is chemical concentration

An experiment; the response is water depth

An experiment; the response is chemical concentration

An observational study; the response is water depth

Some contact lens wearers experience dry eyes. In a study, 25 volunteers used a new eye-drop solution for one month, and 36% reported that it relieved their dryness. The company concluded that the solution was more effective than using no solution. Which issue best explains why the study does not support this conclusion?

The study had no control group.

The participants were volunteers.

The participants self-reported effectiveness.

Thirty employees volunteered to compare a new desk chair with the current chair. Each employee used both chairs for two weeks, and a coin flip determined which chair was used first. Which statement best describes this study?

It is well designed because it uses random assignment, replication, and comparison.

It is poorly designed because employees volunteered.

It is poorly designed because employees used both treatments.

It is poorly designed because the groups may be unequal.

A school nutritionist randomly selected 20 students to take a nutritional supplement. Each student kept a daily journal describing how well they felt after taking it. What possible source of bias is present in this data-collection method?

Response bias because participants self-reported

Undercoverage bias from excluding some students

Nonresponse bias from missing participant answers

Response bias from leading or confusing wording

In an experiment, 20 pepper plants are randomly assigned to two groups. One group receives Fertilizer A, and the other receives Fertilizer B. Sunlight and water are kept the same for both groups. What are the experimental units?

The 20 plants receiving the treatments

The sunlight and water conditions

The 10 plants receiving Fertilizer B

A grocery store randomly assigns its organic-fruit display to the front or back of the store each week for 12 months. Average weekly sales are significantly higher when the display is at the front. What conclusion is justified?

Front displays cause higher average weekly organic-fruit sales.

Shoppers always buy more fruit from front displays.

Front displays increase daily sales for every shopper.

The result applies to all grocery stores and shoppers.

A dog-food company compares a new high-protein formula with its existing formula to study puppy weight gain. Puppies differ naturally in growth rate, especially across breeds. Which design best reduces variability from these natural differences?

Block by breed, then randomly assign puppies within each breed.

Block by location, then randomly assign puppies within each location.

Sample within breeds, then assign each breed one formula.

Sample within locations, then assign each location one formula.

A researcher wants to compare genetically modified (GM) and non-genetically modified (nGM) corn diets on lamb weight gain. The study has 5 sets of male twin lambs and 5 sets of female twin lambs. Which design would best control for the effects of sex and genetics?

A matched-pairs design assigning one twin in each pair to each diet

A completely randomized design assigning 10 lambs to each diet

A stratified design grouping lambs by sex before assigning diets

A randomized block design assigning 10 lambs to each diet

AP Statistics Unit 2: Collecting Data

Authored by Markey Natalie

Education

11th Grade

Used 4+ times

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20 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which characteristics should a well-designed experiment include?
I - Subjects are assigned randomly to treatments.
II - A control group or at least two treatment groups are included.
III - The experiment includes replication.

I and II only

I and III only

II and III only

I, II, and III

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A researcher is conducting a telephone survey and is concerned about possible sources of bias. Which situation is the best example of nonresponse bias?

The wording of the questions leads people to respond in a particular way.

People answer untruthfully because they are uncomfortable with the questions.

Selected people who do not respond may have opinions different from respondents.

People without telephones are excluded from the sampling procedure.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A pharmaceutical company randomly selects 500 participants who experience migraines. The participants are randomly assigned to two equal-sized groups: one receives the current medicine and the other receives a new medicine. Each participant rates pain relief after taking the assigned medicine, and the company compares the groups’ average ratings after six months. How should this study be described?

An experiment using a completely randomized design

An experiment using a matched-pairs design

An observational study using a simple random sample

An observational study using a stratified sample

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Children volunteer for an experiment comparing flash-card practice with computer practice for learning multiplication facts. They are randomly assigned to treatments, with blocking by gender, and then take a multiplication test. Why is it impossible to conduct a double-blind experiment?

The experimenter will know each child’s gender and assigned treatment.

Each child will know whether the child is a boy or a girl.

Each child will know whether the child used flash cards or a computer.

The test grader will know each child’s gender.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Under which condition is stratified random sampling preferable to simple random sampling?

The population has a few strata, each containing many individuals.

The population can be divided into strata whose individuals are as alike as possible.

The population can be divided into strata whose individuals are as different as possible.

The population can be divided into equal-sized strata while preserving equal selection chances.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

George and Michelle compare their chocolate-chip-cookie recipes. Each uses only their own recipe, bakes the cookies in the oven at home, and asks a random sample of personal friends to complete the same quality questionnaire. Which statement about this study is false?

Using different groups of friends makes comparing the recipes difficult.

Each person’s cooking ability is confounded with that person’s recipe quality.

The recipe quality is confounded with the characteristics of each person’s oven.

Using the same questionnaire allows the results to generalize to all of their friends together.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A researcher randomly selects 50 student athletes from all student athletes at a college. The athletes are randomly assigned to receive either beetroot juice or a placebo, and their exercise performances are compared after six weeks. To which population can the results be generalized most broadly?

The athletes receiving beetroot juice

The 50 athletes selected for the study

All student athletes at that college

All people who participate in exercise

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AP Statistics Unit 2: Collecting Data

Which characteristics should a well-designed experiment include?I - Subjects are assigned randomly to treatments.II - A control group or at least two treatment groups are included.III - The experiment includes replication.

A researcher is conducting a telephone survey and is concerned about possible sources of bias. Which situation is the best example of nonresponse bias?

Children volunteer for an experiment comparing flash-card practice with computer practice for learning multiplication facts. They are randomly assigned to treatments, with blocking by gender, and then take a multiplication test. Why is it impossible to conduct a double-blind experiment?

Under which condition is stratified random sampling preferable to simple random sampling?

George and Michelle compare their chocolate-chip-cookie recipes. Each uses only their own recipe, bakes the cookies in the oven at home, and asks a random sample of personal friends to complete the same quality questionnaire. Which statement about this study is false?

A researcher randomly selects 50 student athletes from all student athletes at a college. The athletes are randomly assigned to receive either beetroot juice or a placebo, and their exercise performances are compared after six weeks. To which population can the results be generalized most broadly?

A county has 15 high schools, and seniors’ post-graduation plans vary greatly among schools. A superintendent randomly selects 5 schools and surveys every senior in those schools. What is the main disadvantage of this cluster-sampling plan?

Researchers measure the concentration of a chemical in river water at the surface, middle depth, and bottom downstream from an abandoned dumpsite. They do not assign treatments or manipulate the water. What type of study was conducted, and what is the response variable?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Education

Which characteristics should a well-designed experiment include?
I - Subjects are assigned randomly to treatments.
II - A control group or at least two treatment groups are included.
III - The experiment includes replication.