Which statement best describes the relationship between the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle?

The light-dependent reactions supply ATP, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP.

The light-dependent reactions supply oxygen, and the Calvin cycle returns carbon dioxide.

The light-dependent reactions supply carbon dioxide, and the Calvin cycle returns oxygen.

The light-dependent reactions supply NADP + , and the Calvin cycle returns NADPH.

Scientists were interested in testing the effects of rotenone, a broad-spectrum pesticide, on a cell culture. Cell Culture A was used as a control, while Culture B was treated with rotenone. After a period of time, the scientists measured the concentration of several metabolites in the mitochondria of cells in both cultures. .Which explanation best accounts for rotenone’s effect on cellular respiration?

Rotenone inhibits electron transport chain enzymes that break down NADH.

Rotenone inhibits enzymes that function in the Krebs cycle.

Rotenone blocks transport proteins that move NADH into mitochondria.

Rotenone allosterically inhibits enzymes that function in glycolysis.

If the light intensity were decreased below the level maintained during the J-to-K interval, which change would most likely occur in the algae?

Oxygen concentration would fall because respiration would exceed photosynthesis.

Oxygen concentration would rise because respiration would stop.

Oxygen concentration would remain constant because photosynthesis would increase.

Oxygen concentration would remain constant because respiration would stop.

Acidic conditions disrupt bonds between nonadjacent amino acids in polyphenol oxidase. What is the most direct effect of this disruption?

The enzyme loses its three-dimensional shape and activity

The enzyme produces more substrate for the reaction

The enzyme permanently gains a second active site

The enzyme changes its amino acid sequence

Catechol reacts with oxygen to produce benzoquinone and water, and polyphenol oxidase catalyzes the reaction. Why can a spectrophotometer estimate the reaction rate by measuring the change in absorbance at 389 nm?

Benzoquinone absorbs more light as its concentration increases

Catechol becomes radioactive as the reaction proceeds

Oxygen changes the sample into a fluorescent pigment

Water absorbs more light than all reaction products

What conclusion is best supported by the data for polyphenol oxidase activity at pH values far below or above the optimum?

The activity is lower at extreme pH values

The activity remains constant at extreme pH values

The activity increases continuously away from the optimum

The activity is highest at both extreme pH values

A strain of apples is genetically engineered to lack functional copies of the gene that codes for polyphenol oxidase. What is the most likely effect when slices from these apples are exposed to oxygen?

The slices would brown much more slowly

The slices would brown at exactly the same rate

The slices would produce benzoquinone much more rapidly

The slices would immediately lose all cellular water

Which explanation best justifies the predicted browning pattern in apples lacking functional polyphenol oxidase?

Less enzyme would reduce conversion of catechol into brown benzoquinone

More enzyme would prevent oxygen from reaching apple tissue

Less enzyme would increase conversion of water into catechol

More enzyme would disrupt the bonds in every apple protein

Which of the following would most likely result if the enzyme polyphenol oxidase were completely absent from apple tissue?

Apple slices would remain lighter in color when exposed to air

Apple slices would turn brown more quickly

Apple slices would produce more benzoquinone

Apple slices would lose water rapidly

What would be the expected effect on the rate of benzoquinone production if the pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 11.0?

The rate would be lower than at pH 7.0

The rate would continuously increase

The rate would be highest at this pH

The rate would be the same as at pH 7.0

If an inhibitor blocked the active site of polyphenol oxidase, what would most likely happen to the browning of apple slices?

Browning would be reduced due to less benzoquinone formation

Browning would occur faster due to increased enzyme activity

Browning would increase because more catechol is produced

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Authored by Felicia Gonzalez

Science

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HS-PS1-5 covered

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) helps decompose ethyl alcohol $\mathrm{C_2H_5OH}$ into nontoxic substances. Methyl alcohol is a competitive inhibitor because it competes with ethyl alcohol for the same active site on ADH. If the concentration of ethyl alcohol increases while the concentration of methyl alcohol remains constant, what is the most likely effect?

Formaldehyde production will increase because ADH activity increases.

Competitive inhibition will end because the alcohols bind to one another.

The active-site peptide bonds will denature and stop enzyme activity.

Competitive inhibition will decrease as more active sites bind substrate.

Tags

HS-PS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A reaction produces product over 5 minutes. The relative product concentration rises rapidly at first, then increases more slowly and nearly levels off. Which explanation best describes how the reaction rate changes over time?

The rate increases because the total product amount continues rising.

The rate increases because the product-to-substrate ratio becomes larger.

The rate decreases because the product-to-substrate ratio becomes larger.

The rate decreases because the enzyme is consumed during the reaction.

Tags

HS-PS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

If the pyloric sphincter could not prevent acidic chyme from entering the small intestine before bicarbonate was secreted, which enzymes would most likely have reduced activity during digestion?

Amylase and pepsin

Pepsin and lipase

Lipase and trypsin

Trypsin and amylase

Tags

MS-LS1-7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Predict what would happen if the catalase solution were boiled before the experiment.

boiling denatures catalase.

heat always slows enzyme reactions.

decrease because boiling increases molecular collisions.

heat always speeds enzyme reactions.

Tags

HS-PS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

1% and 3%

1% and 6%

3% and 6%

All three concentrations are equally unlikely

Tags

HS-PS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The rate of oxygen production equaled the rate of oxygen consumption during which time period?

G to H

H to I

I to J

J to K

Tags

HS-LS1-7

HS-LS2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An increase in the rate of oxygen production by algae would be accompanied by a comparable increase in the rate of production of which substance?

C₆H₁₂O₆

CO₂

H₂O

CH₄

Tags

HS-LS1-5

HS-LS2-5

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