The Scramble for Africa

Which ocean is located to the southeast of Africa?

• Indian Ocean

• Atlantic Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

• Arctic Ocean

What was the primary reason for the Portuguese expeditions down the west coast of Africa in the 15th century?

• To find new lands for settlement

• To establish trade routes for gold, salt, and spices

• To spread Christianity

• To escape European conflicts

Which European country established the first settlement in the south of Africa?

• Portugal

• Netherlands

• Spain

• France

What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference held between 1884 and 1885?

• To divide Africa among European countries and avoid conflicts

• To promote African independence

• To discuss the abolition of slavery

• To establish trade routes in Africa

Which African country remained independent after defeating Italian forces in 1896?

• Ethiopia

• Nigeria

• Kenya

• Ghana