What event is often considered by historians to mark the end of the Middle Ages?

• The fall of Constantinople

• The Hundred Years War

• The discovery of America

• The signing of the Magna Carta

Why were city-states important for the Renaissance in Italy?

• They were isolated from the rest of Europe

• They had large armies

• They were ruled by kings

• They were centers of trade and wealth

Which family is known for being great patrons of the arts during the Renaissance?

• The Borgia family

• The Medici family

• The Sforza family

• The Este family

What is humanism?

• A religious movement

• An intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements

• A political ideology

• A style of art

What was expected of a Renaissance man?

• To be charming, witty, and well-educated in the classics

• To seek fame and political power

• To focus solely on religious studies

• To avoid material luxuries