Bone Remodeling and Repair

Which of the following occurs during bone remodeling?

• Removal of old bone tissue only

• Formation of new bone tissue only

• Both removal of old bone tissue and formation of new bone tissue

• Neither removal of old bone tissue nor formation of new bone tissue

What is the periosteum?

• The innermost layer of bone

• A type of bone cell

• The outer layer covering the bone surface, except at the joints

• The spongy part inside the bone

What is the main function of osteons in cortical bone?

• Produce bone marrow

• Secrete osteoid

• Provide blood supply and innervation

• Store fat cells

What makes the spongy bone in the epiphysis resistant to mechanical stress?

• The presence of cortical bone

• The network of tiny rods called trabeculae

• The external fibrous layer

• The production of osteoid seam

Which cells give rise to T and B lymphocytes in the bone marrow?

• Osteoclasts

• Hematopoietic stem cells

• Myeloid progenitor cells

• Osteoblasts

What role does RANKL play in bone remodeling?

• It inhibits bone resorption

• It induces monocytes to form osteoclasts

• It secretes osteoid seam

• It produces cartilage

How does osteoprotegerin regulate bone resorption?

• By producing hydrochloric acid

• By binding to RANKL and preventing it from activating RANK receptors

• By stimulating osteoblasts to release RANKL

• By secreting collagenase

What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone?

• High blood calcium levels

• Low blood calcium levels

• High blood phosphate levels

• Low blood phosphate levels

According to Wolff’s law, why do bones that bear a lot of weight remodel at a high rate?

• Due to high levels of calcitonin

• Due to mechanical stress

• Due to the lack of osteocytes

• Due to low levels of Vitamin D