What does the term 'succeed' mean in the context of ecological succession?

• To fail or diminish

• To follow or come after

• To lead or dominate

• To vanish or disappear

Which natural event can initiate primary succession by creating new land?

• Tsunami

• Earthquake

• Hurricane

• Volcanic eruption

What are pioneer species in the context of primary succession?

• Aquatic organisms

• Large trees like oaks and pines

• Initial plant species like moss and lichen

• Advanced animal species

How do seeds typically reach newly formed barren lands in primary succession?

• All of the above

• Transported by wind

• Carried by animals

• Brought by humans

What leads to the formation of soil during primary succession?

• Accumulation of animal wastes

• Decomposition of rocks only

• None of the above

• Decay of pioneer species and rock particles

What is a climax community in ecological succession?

• A temporary disruption in an ecosystem

• A community lacking biodiversity

• The initial stage of an ecosystem

• The final, stable community in succession

What distinguishes secondary succession from primary succession?

• It begins after an ecosystem disturbance

• It involves only animal species

• It starts on barren land

• It never reaches a climax community

Which factor speeds up secondary succession compared to primary?

• Colder climate conditions

• Lack of pioneer species

• More frequent natural disturbances

• Presence of existing soil

How does vegetation reestablish in an area affected by a forest fire?

• Through remaining tree roots

• Immediate planting by humans

• Seeds dispersed by wind and animals

• It does not reestablish

What role do fallen trees play in secondary succession in forests?

• They prevent new growth by blocking sunlight

• They have no significant impact

• They serve as a resource for new tree growth

• They increase the risk of forest fires