Exploring the Fundamentals of DNA Replication

The video tutorial explains how DNA is efficiently packed into the nucleus of cells, starting with DNA wrapping around histones to form nucleosomes, which further coil into chromatin and eventually chromosomes. It also covers DNA replication, detailing the roles of enzymes like helicase and polymerase, and the formation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Why is it remarkable that DNA can fit into the microscopic nucleus of a cell?

• Because the nucleus is very large.

• Because DNA is not important.

• Because DNA is a very long molecule.

• Because DNA is a very short molecule.

What are histones?

• Proteins that degrade DNA.

• Special proteins around which DNA wraps.

• Enzymes that replicate DNA.

• A type of DNA sequence.

What is the combined loop of DNA and protein called?

• Chromosome

• Helicase

• Nucleosome

• Chromatin

What is the end result of packaging nucleosomes into a thread?

• Chromatin

• Nucleus

• Chromosome

• Histone

When do chromosomes form?

• When cells divide

• When DNA is damaged

• During DNA replication

• During protein synthesis

What enzyme separates the strands of DNA during replication?

• DNA ligase

• Helicase

• RNA primase

• DNA polymerase III

What prevents the separated DNA strands from reannealing?

• RNA primers

• Single-stranded DNA binding proteins

• DNA polymerase I

• Okazaki fragments

In which direction does the leading strand form?

• Both directions

• Randomly

• 5' to 3'

• 3' to 5'

What links the Okazaki fragments together?

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase III

• RNA primase

• DNA ligase