Exploring DNA and Protein Synthesis Concepts

What is the central dogma of biology?

• Protein to DNA to RNA

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• DNA to Protein to RNA

• RNA to DNA to Protein

What did Frederick Griffith's experiments with pneumococcal bacteria demonstrate?

• Proteins are the carriers of genetic information

• DNA is the carrier of genetic information

• Lipids are the carriers of genetic information

• Bacteria can transform by exchanging genetic material

What did Griffith's experiment with heat-killed bacteria and live harmless bacteria show?

• Live harmless bacteria can become deadly

• Heat-killed bacteria can revive

• Bacteria cannot exchange genetic material

• Proteins are the genetic material

What was the main conclusion from Avery's experiments?

• Carbohydrates are responsible for genetic transformation

• Lipids are responsible for genetic transformation

• DNA is responsible for genetic transformation

• Proteins are responsible for genetic transformation

What did Avery's experiments remove to show that DNA was the transforming factor?

• Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

• Only proteins

• Only lipids

• Only carbohydrates

What did Chargaff discover about the composition of DNA?

• Equal amounts of adenine and guanine

• Equal amounts of guanine and thymine

• Equal amounts of adenine and thymine

• Equal amounts of cytosine and thymine

What did Hershey and Chase use to trace the genetic material in their experiments?

• Antibodies

• Fluorescent dyes

• Radioactive isotopes

• Enzymes

What did Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction work reveal about DNA?

• DNA is a single helix

• DNA is a triple helix

• DNA has a double helix structure

• DNA is a linear molecule

Who are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

• Franklin and Chargaff

• Hershey and Chase

• Watson and Crick

• Avery and Griffith

What is the backbone of the DNA structure composed of?

• Amino acids and nucleotides

• Sugars and phosphates

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• Proteins and lipids