Exploring the Periodic Table and Trends

What is the primary goal of every atom?

• To become a metal

• To become a noble gas by achieving a full valence shell

• To gain as many electrons as possible

• To lose all its electrons

How is a cation formed?

• By sharing electrons

• By losing electrons

• By gaining electrons

• By splitting into two atoms

Which of the following is most likely to form a negative ion?

• Magnesium

• Potassium

• Fluorine

• Sodium

What is the significance of group 18 in the periodic table?

• They are transition metals

• They are noble gases with full valence shells

• They are highly reactive metals

• They are metalloids

How does atomic radius change as you move across a period in the periodic table?

• It remains the same

• It decreases

• It increases

• It fluctuates randomly

What happens to the atomic radius as you move to the left across a period in the periodic table?

• It increases.

• It decreases.

• It fluctuates randomly.

• It remains the same.

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

• Sulfur

• Oxygen

• Fluorine

• Nitrogen

Why are noble gases generally not included in discussions about electronegativity?

• They have the same electronegativity as alkali metals.

• They are too small to measure accurately.

• They have a full valence shell and do not attract extra electrons.

• They are not found naturally on Earth.

What is the first ionization energy?

• The energy required to break a bond between two atoms.

• The energy required to add an electron to an atom.

• The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom.

• The energy released when an atom gains an electron.

Which element would have a higher first ionization energy, lithium or fluorine?

• Lithium, because it has fewer electrons.

• Fluorine, because it is closer to achieving a noble gas configuration.

• Fluorine, because it has a larger atomic radius.

• Lithium, because it is a metal.