Crafting Effective Scientific Arguments

Claim, Explanation, Evidence, Opinion, Certainty Level

Claim, Explanation, Opinion, Reasoning, Certainty Level

Claim, Opinion, Evidence, Reasoning, Certainty Level

Claim, Explanation, Evidence, Reasoning, Certainty Level

Chocolate ice cream is better than vanilla

Earthquakes are more likely to appear along fault lines

Vanilla is the best flavor

I like strawberry ice cream

A random guess

A hypothesis

Data from observations or experiments

A personal belief

It provides a personal opinion

It summarizes the argument

It explains why the evidence supports the claim

It introduces new data

The intensity of the storm

The range of possible paths the storm could take

The exact path of the storm

The speed of the storm

Because they don't use models

Because the storm's path can change over time

Because they don't have historical data

Because they lack data

Ignoring historical data

Making random guesses

Using only one type of observation

Having a lot of data

50%

60%

80%

70%

Formulating a hypothesis

Making a claim

Collecting data

Providing an explanation of certainty

Ignoring the data

Providing a personal opinion

Looking at the map and considering possible changes in the storm's path

Making a random guess