Exploring the Epic of Gilgamesh in Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, is known as the cradle of civilization. It introduced key concepts like farming, laws, and taxes, which shaped early societies. The Sumerians developed city-states and empires, with a social hierarchy led by kings and priests. The Code of Hammurabi from Babylon was a significant legal document. The Epic of Gilgamesh, a famous literary work, originated here. Mesopotamia's innovations in agriculture, governance, and culture influenced future civilizations.

What was the primary reason people formed civilizations in Mesopotamia?

• To build temples

• To collect taxes

• To create laws

• To ensure a steady food supply

What were ziggurats used for in Mesopotamian cities?

• Military training

• Residential purposes

• Religious ceremonies

• Marketplaces

Who were the primary tax collectors in Sumerian society?

• Priests or nobles

• Military officials

• Merchants

• Farmers

What was the Code of Hammurabi?

• A trade agreement

• A collection of laws

• A historical record

• A religious text

In Mesopotamian social hierarchy, who was at the top?

• Scribes

• Farmers

• Merchants

• Kings

What was a common punishment for stealing in the Code of Hammurabi?

• Exile

• Imprisonment

• Fines

• Death

What was the primary material used for building homes in Sumer for the lower class?

• Wood

• Stone

• Clay bricks

• Mud and grass

Who was Gilgamesh's companion in his adventures?

• Enkidu

• Ishtar

• Urshanabi

• Humbaba

What did Gilgamesh seek to find to avoid his own death?

• A sacred book

• A magical sword

• A plant that restores youth

• A powerful amulet

What is Mesopotamia often referred to as?

• The land of kings

• The birthplace of democracy

• The ancient empire

• The cradle of civilization