Exploring Atomic Theory and Rutherford's Contributions

The video explores the history and development of atomic theory, starting with Democritus's early ideas about indivisible particles. It covers Lavoisier's law of conservation of matter, the laws of definite and multiple proportions, and Dalton's atomic theory. The video also discusses cathode ray experiments leading to the discovery of electrons and Rutherford's gold foil experiment, which revealed the nucleus's existence.

Who first hypothesized that matter is made up of indivisible atoms?

• Democritus

• Plato

• Socrates

• Aristotle

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What law did Antoine Lavoisier formulate through his experiments?

• Law of Conservation of Matter

• Law of Definite Composition

• Law of Multiple Proportions

• Law of Atomic Theory

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What does the Law of Definite Composition state about compounds?

• They are made of the same elements in different ratios.

• They are made of the same elements in the same ratios.

• They have variable properties.

• They can be created or destroyed.

What did JJ Thompson discover using cathode ray tubes?

• Photons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

• Protons

What did the greenish light observed in cathode ray tubes indicate?

• Presence of electrons

• Presence of neutrons

• Presence of photons

• Presence of protons

What did Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment reveal about the atom?

• Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus.

• Atoms are indivisible.

• Atoms have no internal structure.

• Atoms are solid spheres.

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What is the charge of alpha particles?

• Variable

• Positive

• Neutral

• Negative

What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units (amu)?

• 0.5 amu

• 2 amu

• 1 amu

• 0 amu

Where are neutrons located in an atom?

• In the electron cloud

• In the nucleus

• Orbiting the nucleus

• In the outer shell

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What is the relative mass of electrons compared to protons and neutrons?

• Variable

• Equal

• Much larger

• Much smaller