Exploring DNA Structure and Replication

What is the primary function of DNA in a cell?

• To store, copy, and transmit genetic information

• To provide energy for cellular processes

• To protect the cell from pathogens

• To transport nutrients

What is a gene?

• A segment of DNA that codes for a protein

• A type of cell

• A molecule that stores energy

• A structure that transports oxygen

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogen base

• Ribose sugar, phosphate, and lipid

• Amino acid, phosphate, and nitrogen base

• Glucose, phosphate, and nitrogen base

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Cytosine

What type of bond holds the sides of the DNA ladder together?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Metallic bonds

• Ionic bonds

Why are hydrogen bonds important in the structure of DNA?

• They allow the DNA strands to separate easily during replication

• They provide energy for cellular processes

• They protect the DNA from damage

• They transport nutrients

What does DNA replication mean?

• Copying the DNA so each new cell has a full set of genetic information

• Changing the sequence of DNA bases

• Breaking down DNA into smaller molecules

• Transporting DNA to different parts of the cell

What is the role of the helicase enzyme in DNA replication?

• Repairing damaged DNA

• Transporting DNA molecules

• Separating the DNA strands

• Joining nucleotides together

What does the DNA polymerase enzyme do during DNA replication?

• Attaches free nucleotides to the template strand

• Transports DNA molecules

• Breaks down nucleotides

• Separates the DNA strands

What is the result of DNA replication?

• One RNA and one DNA molecule

• Two DNA molecules, each with one original and one new strand

• One new DNA molecule

• Two RNA molecules