Exploring Transcription and Translation in IB Biology

What is the central dogma of biology primarily concerned with?

• The replication of DNA only

• The cellular structures like mitochondria and ribosomes

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins

• The mutation and evolution of genetic traits

What sugar is found in RNA?

• Fructose

• Glucose

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

What is a key structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• Both DNA and RNA are single-stranded

• Both DNA and RNA are double-stranded

• DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded

• DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded

What role does RNA play in the central dogma of biology?

• Messenger carrying instructions from DNA

• Direct involvement in cellular respiration

• Energy storage

• Structural support in cells

What is the structural equivalent of thymine in RNA?

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Adenine

• Uracil

During transcription, what is produced from DNA?

• Lipids

• RNA

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

What is the process called when RNA is made from DNA?

• Replication

• Mutation

• Translation

• Transcription

Which molecule unzips DNA during transcription?

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Polymerase

• Aminoacylase

What does each codon in mRNA correspond to?

• A single lipid

• A single protein

• A single amino acid

• A single carbohydrate molecule

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Producing RNA from DNA

• Translating mRNA into proteins

• Copying DNA

• Creating lipids for cell membrane