Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Ideas

The Enlightenment was an 18th-century intellectual movement in Europe that emphasized reason, science, and individualism. It challenged traditional authority, particularly the church and absolutist governments, advocating for freedom and equality. Key thinkers like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau contributed significantly to these ideas. The movement influenced economic and political reforms, promoting free markets and constitutional governance. In Brazil, Enlightenment ideas inspired movements for economic and political freedom. Enlightened despots adopted some ideas, aiming for reform without losing power.

What was the Enlightenment also known as?

• The Age of Darkness

• The Age of Exploration

• The Age of Reason

• The Age of Empires

Which of the following was a key focus of Enlightenment thinkers?

• Feudalism

• Mysticism

• Rationalism

• Superstition

Who among the following was a famous Enlightenment thinker?

• Isaac Newton

• Denis Diderot

• Galileo Galilei

• Leonardo da Vinci

What form of government did Enlightenment thinkers criticize?

• Democracy

• Republic

• Oligarchy

• Absolutism

Which class supported the Enlightenment ideals due to their opposition to the old regime?

• Nobility

• Peasants

• Bourgeoisie

• Clergy

What economic practice did Enlightenment thinkers oppose?

• Feudalism

• Capitalism

• Mercantilism

• Socialism

What did Enlightenment thinkers advocate for in terms of economic policy?

• Colonial exploitation

• State control

• Feudal dues

• Free market

Which Enlightenment thinker is known for the doctrine of the separation of powers?

• Adam Smith

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

What was the main idea behind Rousseau's 'Social Contract'?

• Economic freedom

• Divine right of kings

• General will

• Absolute monarchy

How did Enlightenment ideas influence Brazil?

• They promoted the continuation of absolutism.

• They inspired several revolts and movements for economic and political freedom.

• They had no significant impact.

• They led to the establishment of a monarchy.