Exploring the Steps and Enzymes of DNA Replication

The video tutorial covers the basics of DNA replication, explaining its importance in cell division and trait coding. It describes where and when replication occurs, particularly in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and introduces key enzymes like helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase. The process of DNA replication is detailed, including the role of SSB proteins and topoisomerase in preventing supercoiling. The tutorial also explains DNA strand directionality, the formation of leading and lagging strands, and the creation of Okazaki fragments. Finally, it highlights the proofreading ability of DNA polymerase and its significance in medical treatments.

Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strands?

• Helicase

• Primase

• Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

• Gluing DNA fragments

• Building new DNA strands

• Proofreading the DNA

• Creating RNA primers

Which enzyme is known as the 'builder' in DNA replication?

• Primase

• Ligase

• Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

DNA polymerase adds new bases in which direction?

• 3' to 3'

• 5' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

• 3' to 5'

What are Okazaki fragments?

• DNA ligase

• Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand

• RNA primers

• Enzymes that glue DNA fragments

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

• Unzipping DNA strands

• Adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

• Creating RNA primers

• Sealing gaps between Okazaki fragments

What is the significance of DNA polymerase only synthesizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction?

• It enhances the binding of RNA primers

• It prevents errors during replication

• It allows for faster replication

• It necessitates the creation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

What does it mean that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

• Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand

• Both DNA strands are newly synthesized

• DNA replication conserves all original DNA molecules

• Only one strand of DNA is conserved

Which enzyme has proofreading capabilities?

• Helicase

• Primase

• Ligase

• DNA Polymerase