Impact of Mutations on Amino Acid Translation

The video tutorial explains the process of DNA transcription into RNA and the subsequent translation into proteins. It covers the role of nucleotide bases, codons, and amino acids in these processes. The tutorial also discusses mutations, including point and frameshift mutations, and their potential impacts on protein synthesis and evolution. The importance of variation in natural selection is highlighted, along with the role of proofreading mechanisms in reducing mutation frequency.

What base does adenine pair with in DNA?

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

In RNA, which base replaces thymine from DNA?

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Adenine

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three RNA bases

• A type of RNA polymerase

• A mutation in DNA

• A type of amino acid

Which amino acid is coded by the codon AAG?

• Leucine

• Arginine

• Lysine

• Serine

What happens if a point mutation changes a codon to a stop codon prematurely?

• Protein synthesis continues

• The protein becomes more functional

• No effect on protein synthesis

• Protein synthesis stops

What is the result of a C to A point mutation on the RNA strand?

• No change in amino acids

• Lysine replaces arginine

• Arginine replaces leucine

• Leucine replaces arginine

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that swaps one base for another

• A mutation that does not affect the reading frame

• A mutation that deletes a base

• A mutation that inserts or deletes bases, shifting the reading frame

What impact does a frameshift mutation generally have on a protein?

• Temporary change

• Minor change

• No change

• Significant change

How do biological systems reduce the frequency of mutations?

• By altering the DNA sequence

• By reducing gene expression

• Through proofreading mechanisms

• By increasing DNA replication speed

Why is genetic variation important for evolution?

• It decreases population size

• It reduces genetic diseases

• It stabilizes the gene pool

• It provides traits for natural selection