Molecular Biology Concepts Assessment

The video tutorial covers Unit 6 of AP Biology, focusing on gene expression and regulation. It begins with an introduction to available resources and proceeds to explain the central dogma of molecular biology, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation. The session also discusses mutations, operon models, and various biotechnology techniques such as gel electrophoresis and PCR. The video concludes with a Q&A session and study tips for exam preparation.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• Protein to RNA to DNA

• RNA to DNA to Protein

• DNA to Protein to RNA

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strand during replication?

• Primase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

In DNA replication, what is the role of primase?

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To synthesize RNA primers

• To replace RNA primers with DNA

• To unwind the DNA strand

What is the function of the ribosome during translation?

• To unwind DNA

• To synthesize RNA

• To splice introns

• To synthesize polypeptides

Which type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?

• Frameshift mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

Which type of genetic mutation involves a segment of a chromosome being reversed end to end?

• Inversion

• Deletion

• Translocation

• Duplication

What is the role of the repressor in a repressible operon?

• To degrade mRNA

• To bind to the operator and inhibit transcription

• To activate the operon

• To bind to the promoter and initiate transcription

In the lac operon, what happens when lactose is present?

• The repressor is inactivated by lactose

• The repressor remains bound to the operator

• The operon is turned off

• RNA polymerase is inhibited

What is the purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in biotechnology?

• To amplify DNA fragments

• To transform bacteria

• To separate DNA fragments by size

• To sequence DNA

During gel electrophoresis, why do smaller DNA fragments move faster than larger ones?

• They are less attracted to the positive end

• They are more attracted to the negative end

• They have a higher negative charge

• They can move through the gel pores more easily