Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Mrs. Sloan's video covers the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, focusing on five levels of control: chromatin structure, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. The video explains how these processes ensure differential gene expression, allowing cells to function differently despite having the same DNA. It also discusses mutations, their types, and their potential effects on protein synthesis and cell function.

What is the process called where DNA is used as a template to form mRNA?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mutation

Which of the following is NOT a level of control in eukaryotic gene expression?

• Chromatin structure

• Post-transcriptional control

• Transcriptional control

• Operon control

What effect does DNA methylation have on chromatin?

• It makes chromatin less tightly packed and more accessible for transcription.

• It makes chromatin more tightly packed and less accessible for transcription.

• It has no effect on chromatin structure.

• It causes chromatin to degrade.

What is the role of histone acetylation in gene expression?

• It makes chromatin less tightly packed and encourages transcription.

• It has no effect on gene expression.

• It degrades histone proteins.

• It makes chromatin more tightly packed.

What is the TATA box?

• A type of enhancer region

• A conserved DNA sequence found in the promoter region

• A type of RNA polymerase

• A type of transcription factor

What is the function of transcription activators?

• They bind to the promoter region and inhibit transcription.

• They bind to enhancer regions and help transcription factors bind to the promoter.

• They modify histone proteins.

• They degrade mRNA after transcription.

What is post-transcriptional control?

• Control of gene expression after mRNA has been transcribed.

• Control of gene expression before mRNA is transcribed.

• Control of gene expression during protein folding.

• Control of gene expression during DNA replication.

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that results from the addition or deletion of a nucleotide, shifting the reading frame.

• A mutation that causes a stop codon to appear prematurely.

• A mutation that has no effect on the protein.

• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide.

What is the primary source of genetic variation?

• Transcription

• DNA replication

• Translation

• Gene mutations

What is the role of tumor suppressor genes?

• They inhibit the cell cycle and eliminate cells with mutations.

• They promote the cell cycle.

• They bind to enhancer regions.

• They assist RNA polymerase in binding to the promoter.