Genetics Concepts and Punnett Squares

The video tutorial covers Mendelian genetics, focusing on Gregor Mendel's contributions to understanding genetic inheritance. It introduces key vocabulary such as traits, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. The tutorial explains Mendel's ideas on dominant and recessive traits and his laws, including the law of independent assortment. It also covers the use of Punnett squares to predict genetic outcomes, providing practice problems to reinforce learning.

Who is recognized as the father of modern genetics?

• Charles Darwin

• Gregor Mendel

• James Watson

• Francis Crick

What is a trait in genetics?

• A type of cell

• A characteristic inherited from parents

• A type of protein

• A genetic disorder

How many chromosomes do humans have?

• 23

• 92

• 46

• 64

What is a dominant trait?

• A trait that is always recessive

• A trait that is expressed only when two copies are present

• A trait that is expressed if present

• A trait that is never expressed

If a trait is represented by a capital letter, what does it signify?

• Incomplete trait

• Neutral trait

• Recessive trait

• Dominant trait

What is the law of independent assortment?

• Genes are inherited together

• Genes are inherited independently of each other

• Genes are inherited only from the father

• Genes are inherited only from the mother

What tool is used to predict genetic outcomes?

• Chromatograph

• Punnett Square

• Microscope

• DNA Sequencer

In a Punnett square, what does a genotype ratio of 1:2:1 indicate?

• Equal numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive

• All offspring are homozygous recessive

• All offspring are heterozygous

• All offspring are homozygous dominant

What is the phenotype ratio for a cross between two heterozygous parents?

• 4:0

• 2:2

• 3:1

• 1:1

What percentage chance does a heterozygous cross have of producing a recessive phenotype?

• 25%

• 50%

• 0%

• 75%