Understanding Atoms and Ions

In this video tutorial, Candy explains how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms and ions. Using aluminium as an example, she describes the concepts of mass number and atomic number, highlighting that the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons, while the atomic number is the number of protons, which equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. She then discusses ions, explaining that while protons and neutrons remain constant, the number of electrons changes. For positive ions, electrons are decreased by the charge number, and for negative ions, electrons are increased. Examples are provided to illustrate these calculations.

What is the main focus of this tutorial?

• How to calculate the speed of light

• How to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms and ions

• How to understand chemical bonding

• How to solve complex equations

What does the atomic number represent?

• The number of protons

• The number of electrons

• The number of protons and neutrons

• The number of neutrons

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

• Divide the mass number by the atomic number

• Multiply the atomic number by the mass number

• Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

• Add the atomic number to the mass number

In an ion, which of the following remains constant?

• Number of neutrons and electrons

• Number of protons and neutrons

• Number of protons and electrons

• Number of electrons

What happens to the number of electrons in a positive ion?

• It increases by the charge number

• It decreases by the charge number

• It remains the same

• It doubles

For a positive ion with a charge of 3+, how do you find the number of electrons?

• Divide the normal electron count by 3

• Multiply the normal electron count by 3

• Subtract 3 from the normal electron count

• Add 3 to the normal electron count

What is the electron count for aluminium 3+?

• 9

• 10

• 13

• 16

How do you adjust the electron count for a negative ion?

• Decrease by the charge number

• Increase by the charge number

• Multiply by the charge number

• Divide by the charge number

If aluminium has a charge of -2, what is the electron count?

• 17

• 13

• 15

• 11

What is the electron count for a neutral aluminium atom?

• 10

• 13

• 15

• 12