Understanding Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics

The video explores how earthquakes are generated by examining the Earth's structure and tectonic plate movements. It covers the three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform, explaining how each leads to geological phenomena like volcanic activity, mountain formation, and earthquakes. Historical context is provided, highlighting the development of tectonic theory.

What is the primary composition of the Earth's lithosphere?

• Molten rock

• Solid crystalline material

• Gaseous elements

• Liquid metal

How many large lithospheric plates make up the Earth's upper mantle?

• 5

• 8

• 12

• 15

What geological feature is formed at divergent plate boundaries?

• Mountain ranges

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Deep sea trenches

• Volcanic islands

Which mountain range was formed due to convergent plate boundaries?

• The Himalayas

• The Rockies

• The Alps

• The Andes

What is the main cause of volcanic eruptions at convergent boundaries?

• Erosion of the crust

• Tectonic uplift

• Cooling of the mantle

• Pressure from gases in magma

What is a transform fault?

• A fault where plates move apart

• A fault where plates collide

• A fault where plates subduct

• A fault where plates slide past each other

Which famous fault is an example of a transform boundary?

• Himalayan Fault

• Mariana Trench

• Mid-Atlantic Ridge

• San Andreas Fault

What natural disaster is commonly associated with transform boundaries?

• Hurricanes

• Volcanic eruptions

• Earthquakes

• Tsunamis

Which regions are most affected by earthquakes due to the Pacific plate?

• Indonesia, Japan, and the Americas

• Europe and Africa

• Australia and Antarctica

• The Arctic and Greenland

Who proposed the theory of the slow flow of the Earth's mantle beneath the lithosphere?

• Alfred Wegener

• Harry Hess

• Abraham Ortelius

• Charles Darwin