Enlightened Rulers of the Age of Reason

The video explores the concept of enlightened despots during the Age of Reason, examining rulers like Frederick II of Prussia, Maria Theresa and Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine II of Russia. It discusses their reforms inspired by Enlightenment ideas, such as judicial changes, religious tolerance, and education improvements. However, it also highlights the limitations and challenges these rulers faced, including resistance from nobility and the persistence of serfdom. The video concludes with key takeaways about the mixed success of these rulers in implementing Enlightenment principles.

What was the primary focus of Enlightenment philosophers regarding rulers?

• To maintain the status quo

• To promote religious teachings

• To critique and suggest improvements to governance

• To support absolute monarchies

Which ruler is known for not being enlightened and holding absolute power in Prussia?

• King Frederick William I

• Empress Maria Theresa

• Empress Catherine II

• King Frederick II

What significant reform did Frederick II of Prussia implement?

• Abolishing torture

• Abolishing serfdom

• Censoring books

• Expanding serfdom

What was a key characteristic of serfs in Central and Eastern Europe?

• They were free to leave the land

• They had the right to own property

• They were legally tied to the land

• They could change occupations freely

Which reform did Empress Maria Theresa of Austria support?

• Abolishing the death penalty

• Abolishing serfdom

• Complete freedom of the press

• Vaccination against smallpox

What was one of Emperor Joseph II's notable reforms?

• Expanding serfdom

• Abolishing serfdom

• Censoring Enlightenment writers

• Supporting absolute monarchy

Why did some of Joseph II's reforms face resistance?

• They were too radical and fast

• They favored the nobility

• They were too conservative

• They were not well-publicized

What was Empress Catherine II of Russia's approach to Enlightenment ideas?

• She fully embraced them

• She ignored them completely

• She opposed them entirely

• She engaged with them but had limitations

What was a major limitation of Catherine II's policies?

• She reduced literacy rates

• She promoted religious intolerance

• She expanded serfdom

• She abolished serfdom

What was a common issue faced by enlightened despots after their rule ended?

• Their reforms were often undone

• Their reforms were universally accepted

• Their reforms were ignored

• Their reforms were expanded