Understanding Operant Conditioning

The video tutorial explains the difference between classical and operant conditioning, focusing on B.F. Skinner's work. It describes how operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior controlled by consequences, unlike classical conditioning, which deals with involuntary responses. The tutorial covers types of reinforcement and punishment, providing real-life examples and applications. It also discusses concepts like generalization, extinction, and spontaneous recovery in the context of operant conditioning.

What distinguishes operant conditioning from classical conditioning?

• Classical conditioning involves conscious learning.

• Classical conditioning is based on consequences.

• Operant conditioning involves involuntary responses.

• Operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior.

Who is known for developing the concept of the Skinner box?

• Ivan Pavlov

• Sigmund Freud

• B.F. Skinner

• John Watson

In Skinner's experiment, what is an example of a positive reinforcer?

• Delivering an electric shock when a button is pressed

• Providing food when a button is pressed

• Withholding food when a button is pressed

• Removing an electric shock

What is the effect of negative reinforcement on behavior?

• It has no effect on behavior.

• It punishes the behavior.

• It increases the likelihood of a behavior.

• It decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

• Spraying a cat with water for scratching furniture

• Removing a chore for completing homework

• Giving a child extra playtime for good behavior

• Taking away a toy for bad behavior

What is a real-life example of negative punishment?

• Giving a bonus for meeting sales targets

• Allowing a student to skip homework for good grades

• Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew

• Giving a child a treat for cleaning their room

Why do psychologists recommend reinforcement over punishment?

• Punishment is easier to apply consistently.

• Reinforcement encourages positive behavior without negative side effects.

• Reinforcement can lead to frustration and aggression.

• Punishment is more effective in the long term.

What is stimulus generalization in operant conditioning?

• Ignoring all stimuli except the original

• Differentiating between two similar stimuli

• Responding to a new stimulus as if it were the original

• Reinforcing a behavior in a specific context

What happens during extinction in operant conditioning?

• A behavior becomes more frequent.

• A behavior disappears after reinforcement stops.

• A new behavior is learned.

• A behavior is reinforced more strongly.

What is spontaneous recovery in the context of operant conditioning?

• A new behavior is learned quickly.

• A behavior is permanently forgotten.

• A behavior is reinforced continuously.

• A behavior reappears after a rest period.