Cell Biology and Genetics Concepts

The video explores Earth's formation, basic biology, cell structure, energy metabolism, genetics, cell division, and the nervous system. It explains the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the role of ATP in energy production, and the process of protein synthesis. The video also covers genetic mutations, natural selection, and the distinction between bacteria and viruses, concluding with an overview of the nervous system and neuron function.

What is the primary role of enzymes in biological processes?

• To store genetic information

• To transport oxygen in the blood

• To provide structural support to cells

• To act as catalysts in chemical reactions

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

• They lack a nucleus

• Their DNA is freely floating

• They have membrane-bound organelles

• They are always single-celled

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

• To synthesize proteins

• To produce energy for the cell

• To store genetic information

• To control what enters and exits the cell

How do plants primarily obtain glucose?

• By consuming other organisms

• Through photosynthesis

• Through cellular respiration

• By absorbing it from the soil

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• To replicate DNA

• To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

• To transport amino acids

• To form the structure of ribosomes

What determines whether an allele is expressed in an organism?

• The size of the gene

• Whether it is dominant or recessive

• The number of chromosomes

• Its position on the chromosome

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• Mitosis results in four cells, meiosis in two

• Mitosis produces identical cells, meiosis produces genetically diverse cells

• Mitosis involves crossing over, meiosis does not

• Mitosis occurs in gametes, meiosis in somatic cells

How can mutations be beneficial to a species?

• By reducing the number of offspring

• By eliminating competition

• By increasing genetic diversity and adaptation

• By causing diseases

What is a key difference between bacteria and viruses?

• Viruses have a nucleus, bacteria do not

• Viruses are treated with antibiotics, bacteria are not

• Bacteria can reproduce on their own, viruses cannot

• Bacteria are multicellular, viruses are unicellular

What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?

• To produce hormones

• To store energy

• To digest food

• To conduct electrical signals