Key Concepts in Political Ideologies

The video explores the emergence of new political ideologies in 19th century Europe, driven by the Industrial and French Revolutions. It covers liberalism, emphasizing individual rights and limited government, with key figures like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Socialism is discussed, highlighting utopian socialism by Saint-Simon and scientific socialism by Karl Marx. Anarchism is also examined, focusing on figures like Mikhail Bakunin and Georges Sorel. The video concludes with a call to review for AP exams.

What major events contributed to the social and political upheaval in Europe during the 19th century?

• The Napoleonic Wars and the Reformation

• The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution

• The American Civil War and the Renaissance

Which philosopher is associated with the development of utilitarianism, a key concept in liberalism?

• John Locke

• Karl Marx

• Adam Smith

• Jeremy Bentham

What was the primary focus of classical liberalism during the 19th century?

• Expansion of colonial empires

• Individual rights and limited government

• Religious authority and monarchy

• Collective ownership of property

Which movement in England pushed for universal male suffrage in response to liberalism's limitations?

• The Labour Party

• The Chartist Movement

• The Suffragette Movement

• The Fabian Society

What ideology emerged as a response to the inequalities created by the Industrial Revolution?

• Capitalism

• Anarchism

• Socialism

• Liberalism

Who is considered the father of scientific socialism?

• Henri de Saint-Simon

• Friedrich Engels

• Karl Marx

• Robert Owen

According to Marx, what is the driving force of history?

• Cultural exchange

• Religious conflict

• Class struggle

• Technological innovation

What is the main idea behind anarchism?

• Establishment of a strong central government

• Abolition of all forms of governmental authority

• Support for hereditary monarchy

• Promotion of free-market capitalism

Which Russian revolutionary is known for advocating anarchism?

• Leon Trotsky

• Vladimir Lenin

• Mikhail Bakunin

• Joseph Stalin

What did Georges Sorel advocate for in his version of anarchism?

• Establishment of a theocratic state

• Transfer of property to labor unions

• Creation of a new monarchy

• Expansion of colonial territories